[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D.](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902) › v2.c35.111 # A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D. v2.c35.111 A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D. v2.c35.111 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c35.111](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35.111) Patanjali not only applies the Scientific Methods to the foundations of Grammatical Analysis, but also \*by their means\* establishes and elaborates the fundamental categories and concepts of Grammatical (and Philological) Science, \*e.g.\*, the concepts of action ( क्रिया ), agent ( कर्त्ता ), instrumental cause ( करण साधकतम् ), end ( निमित्त ), origin ( हेतु ), limit ( अवधि ), substance ( द्रव्य ), quality ( गुण ), and genus ( जाति );—also of the fundamental relations (at the bottom of all thought and \*speech\*)—the relations of Time ( कालिकसम्बन्ध ), of Space ( दिगदेशसम्बन्ध ), of Causality ( कार्यकारणभाव ), of inherence ( समवाय ), of co-inherence ( विशेषणविशेष्यभाव ), of the sign and the signate ( संज्ञासंज्ञिभाव ), of mutual dependence ( इतरेतराश्रय );—an entire grammatical (and philological) apparatus, which will serve as a ‘point d’appui’ for generations of philologists and grammarians to come. - [Previous: v2.c35.110](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35.110) - [Next: v2.c35.113](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35.113) - [Up: v2.c35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35.111](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35.111) · Pramāṇa