[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D.](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902) › v2.c35.65 # A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D. v2.c35.65 A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D. v2.c35.65 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c35.65](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35.65) The Nyāya analysis of the causal relation continued:—Co-effects:—In the enumeration of different varieties of irrelevant antecedents (अन्यथासिद्ध), we have already noticed that co-effects of the same cause are apt to be confounded as cause and effect. In some cases, the co-effects may be simultaneous, \*e. g.\*, the case of the ascending and the descending scale in a balance, which are co-effects of gravity (\*vide\* Pártha-sárathi Misra on Kumárila, Sloka-Vártika—तुलानमनोन्नमनयोस्तु न मिथ: कार्य्यकारणत्वम्, उभयोरेककारणत्वात्,—sloka 157, Súnya-Váda). In other cases, the co-effects may be successive effects of the same cause, and here the risk is great of mistaking the antecedent co-effect to be the cause of the succeeding co-effect; \*e.g.\*, the case of ants moving in a line to carry their eggs upward, which is observed before the summer rains;—where the movement of ants and the rains are not cause and effect, but successive effects of the same cause, \*viz.\*, the heat (उष्मा), which disturbs the elements, \*viz.\*, the earth and the atmosphere (महाभूतक्षोभ); the ants being affected by this heat earlier than the atmospheric movements which bring the clouds and the rain. - [Previous: v2.c35.64](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35.64) - [Next: v2.c35.66](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35.66) - [Up: v2.c35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35.65](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.ray-1902.v2.c35.65) · Pramāṇa