[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Hindu Achievements in Exact Science: A Study in the History of Scientific Development](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918) › c23.9 # Hindu Achievements in Exact Science: A Study in the History of Scientific Development c23.9 Hindu Achievements in Exact Science: A Study in the History of Scientific Development c23.9 - **Language:** English ### [c23.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c23.9) Another illustration may be given from Hindu physics. This relates to the various hypotheses of Sound phenomena. One school held that the physical basis of audible sound is a specific quality of air, and that air-particles flow in currents in all directions. A second school, e.g., that of Shabara Swami held that it is not air-currents but air-waves, series of conjunctions and disjunctions of the air-particles or molecules, that constitute the sound physical. A third school held that the sound-wave has its substrate not in air but in ether. Further, Prashastapada held the hypothesis of transverse waves and was opposed by Udyotakara who held that of longitudinal waves. - [Previous: c23.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c23.8) - [Next: c23.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c23.10) - [Up: c23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c23) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c23.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c23.9) · Pramāṇa