[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Hindu Achievements in Exact Science: A Study in the History of Scientific Development](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918) › c9.4 # Hindu Achievements in Exact Science: A Study in the History of Scientific Development c9.4 Hindu Achievements in Exact Science: A Study in the History of Scientific Development c9.4 - **Language:** English ### [c9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c9.4) 1. The so-called Pythagorean theorem: The square on the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides. 2. Construction of squares equal to the sum or difference of two squares; 3. Conversion of oblongs into squares, and \*vice versa\*; 4. Drawing of a perpendicular to a given straight line at a given point of it; 5. Construction of lengths equal to quadratic surds: The approximate value of √() 6. Circling of squares; 7. Squaring of circles,—"that rock upon which so many reputations have been destroyed," both in the East and West. The earliest Hindus got π = 3.0044; 8. Construction of successive larger squares from smaller ones by addition; 9. Determination of the area of a trapezium, of an isosceles trapezium, at any rate, when the lengths of its parallel sides and the distance between them are known. - [Previous: c9.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c9.3) - [Next: c9.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c9.5) - [Up: c9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c9) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.sarkar-1918.c9.4) · Pramāṇa