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A History of the Kerala School of Hindu Astronomy (in Perspective) c12: Chapter VI. A Bibliography of Kerala-Based Jyotiṣa Literature

A History of the Kerala School of Hindu Astronomy (in Perspective) c12

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English

Contents

Chapter VI. A Bibliography of Kerala-Based Jyotiṣa Literature

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There exist, in regions outside Kerala, in Sanskrit and in other Indian languages, a considerable number of astrological texts which proclaim themselves as Kerala Jyotiṣa and, as such, might, in a way, be called ‘Kerala-based jyotiṣa texts’. The possible origin, nature and major trends of these texts have been discussed briefly elsewhere in this book (see pp. 38-40). These works can be identified by one or more of such indications as: (1) the definite mention of their non-Keralite authorship; (2) the addition of the expression ‘Kerala’ to their titles, apparently intended to distinguish them from other regional or all-India texts of the same or similar titles; (3) their high popularity outside Kerala which is matched only by their being practically unheard of in Kerala, the reason for which is obviously that, in a conservative society, one would scarcely go in for a low-rate alien imitation or improvisation when the full original is with oneself. Most of these works are anonymous or ascribed to apocryphal authors. Some claim to be parts of larger works. It is but natural that, while manuscripts of these works occur in good numbers outside Kerala, indicating their popularity in trans-Kerala regions, in Kerala itself, their manuscripts are well-nigh absent. It is a moot point as to what extent these texts are indebted to Kerala Jyotiṣa in the matter of the their tradition, teachings or inspiration. In some cases, it might be regular borrowal, in others restricted to their nature and contents and in still others only to the ideas. In certain cases, it is even possible that Kerala has lent nothing more than its name! The lack of definitive authorship and the amorphous nature of contents of some of these works, naturally, make their identification difficult. This is especially so, in the case of works which appear under different titles and in varied extent, a fact which is reflected in the following *Bibliography*, as well. Certain methods to ascertain the indebtedness of individual texts to Kerala Jyotiṣa and to pursue this interesting study have been suggested above (see p. 41).

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In the following pages, an attempt has been made to document information about ‘Kerala-based’ Jyotiṣa works, in Sanskrit, from various sources, and present the same with suitable annotations and references about the availablity of manuscripts and editions thereof but without any serious effort at the correlation of allied texts. The nature of the different texts is indicated by adding, after their titles, their subjects in abbreviation: 'kar.' for *Karaṇa*, 'jā.' for *Jātaka*, 'pra.' for *Praśna*, 'muh.' *Muhūrta*, 'astrol.' for General Astrology, 'nat. astrol.' for Natural Astrology, etc. The general abbreviations employed in the *Bibliography of Kerala Jyotiṣa literature*, above, have also been made use of, as necessary.

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In the case of texts whose manuscripts, as available in the different manuscripts repositories, have been noticed in the *Catalogus Catalogorum* (CC) of Aufrecht or the *New Catalogus Catalogorum* (NCC), I-VI, of the Madras University, the CC or NCC references are given. And, in the case of texts which have not been noticed in the CC or the NCC, or which exhibit some peculiarity or other, they are referred directly to the relevant Manuscripts Catalogues or other sources, using The undermentioned additional abbreviations:

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| Lucknow, Skt. Parishad | *A catal. of Mss. in the Akhila Bharatiya Skt. Parishad, Lucknow*, compiled by Daulat Ram Juyal, Lucknow, Vos. I-II, 1963, 1969. (Ref. by vol. and pp.) |
| Mysore | *Cata. of Skt. Mss. in the Govt. Lib., Mysore*, and its Supplemental Cata., in 4 Pts., Mysore, 1922-1955 (Ref. by vol. and pp.) |
| Nepal Vir. | *Nepala- Rajakiya-Viraputakālayastha- Hastalikhita-Samasta-pustakānām Saṅkṣipta-sucīptram*, Ed. Buddhi Sagara, Kathmandu, Sam. 2020. (Ref. by pp. and nos.) |
| Raj. Jaina | *Rājasthān kī Jaina Śāstra Bhaṇḍārom kī Granthasūcī*, Ed. by Kastur Chand Kasaliwal etc. Jaipur, Vols. I-IV, 1949-1962. (Ref. by vol. and pp.) |
| Raj. Jodh. | *A cata. of Skt. and Pkt. Mss. in the Rajasthan Or. Res. Inst. (Jodhpur Colection)*, ed. by Muni Jinavijayaji, Pts. I-III B, Jodhpur, 1963-68. (Ref. by vol. and pp.) |
| Varanasi | *A des. cata. of Skt. Mss. acquired aud deposited in the Skt. Univ. Lib. (Sarasvati Bhavana)*, Varanasi, during the years 1791-1950, vols. I-XII, Varanasi, 1953-65. (Ref. by vol. and pp.) |
| V.V.R.I. | *Catalogue of V. V. R. I. Manuscript Collection*, in two Parts. ep. by Vishva Bandhu, Hoshiarpur, 1959. (Ref. by pt. and pp.) |

Bibliography of Authors and Works

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*Akṣarakeralī* or *Akṣarakevalī* (pra.). Mss. See NCC I (rev.), 11.

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*Akṣaracintāmaṇi* (pra.) from *Keralamata* ascribed to Śiva. Ib., 12.

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*Akṣaracūḍāmaṇi* (pra.), related to *Keralapraśna* V attributed to Keralācārya. Ib.

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*Appasūri*, alis Nṛhari or Nṛsimha —C, *Śāradāgama*, on *Uḍudayapradīpa*

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*Avajadapraśna* or *Keralapraśna*, from the *Rudrayāmala*, Ib., 412.

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*Uḍudayapradīpa* (jā.), described in some mss. as *Keralagrantha* and *Keraliracita*. Mss. NCC II. 289-90. Ascribed to Keralācārya in Ms. Ker. 1521. Edn. with Tr., Royal Victoria Press, Madras, 2nd edn., 1900. For other edns., see NCC II 289.

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Do.—C I. Anen., Ib. 290.

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Do.—C II, *Uddyota* by Bhairavadatta, son of Harirāma. Ib. Edn. Bombay, 1875; with Hindi C, Banaras, 1868.

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Do.—C III, *Tattvadīpikā* by Jīvanātha Jhā, son of Śambhunātha. Ib.

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Do.—C IV, *Śaradāgama* by Appāsūri alias Nṛhari or Nṛsimha. Ib.

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Do.—C V, *Snehakūpikā* by Bālakṛṣṇa, son of Jyotiḥsvarūpa. Ib.

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Do.—C VI, by Cola. Ib.

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Do.—C VII, by Paramasukha. Ib.

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Do.—C VIII, by Mayūreśvaropādhyāya. Ib.

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*Uḍupakerala* (jā.), attributed to Prajāpati. Ib.

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*Kerala*°: See also *Keralī*°, *Keralīya*°.

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*Kerala* or *Keralī* (astrol.) Mss. NCC V. 43.

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*Keralagranthodārahaṇa* (astrol.), by Mūladeva, possibly a C on his *Keralapraśna*. Ib.

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*Keralacandrikā* (jā.) Ib. (*Dvādaśabhāva*). See also *Keraladvādaśabhāva*.

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*Keralacintāmaṇi* (astrol.) Ib.

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*Keralacūḍāmaṇi* (pra.) See also *Keralapraśna* or *Divyacūḍāmaṇi* and *Cūḍāmaṇikeralī*.

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*Keralajataka* (jā.) NCC V. 43. See also *Keralīyam Jātakam*.

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*Keralajatakananda* or *Keralarahasya* : See *Keralarahasya*.

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*Keralajñāna* or *Keraliyajñāna* (pra.) NCC V. 43. Some as *Keralapraśna*.

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*Keralajyotiṣa* or *°jyautiṣa* (astrol.) Ib.

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*Keralatattva* (astrol.) Ib.

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*Keraladīpikā* I (astrol.) Men. in *Keralacandrikā*, Mad. D. 14026.

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*Keraladīpikā* II (astrol.), by Krahā...śa, son of Cannayajvan. Ms. NCC V.43.

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*Keralanāḍī* (astrol.) Ib.

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*Keraladvādaśabhāvaphala* I (jā.), in verse. Ib.

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*Keraladvādaśabhāvaphala* II (jā.), in prose. Ib.

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*Keralapañcapakṣī* (prognostication), from *Svaravicāra*. Ib.

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*Keralapāśāvalī* (prognostication), ascribed to Garga. Ib. See also *Pāśakevalī*.

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*Keralapradīpa* (astrol.) Ib. Possibly, *Jñānapradīpa* or *Kerala-bṛndāvana* of Padmanābha.

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*Keralapraśna*(grantha) I (pra.) Mss. NCC V.44 ; Varanasi, IX. 304.

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*Keralapraśna*(grantha) II (pra.), ascribed to Garga. Ib.

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*Keralapraśna* III (pra.) Invokes Kūṣmāṇḍi; the last verse of the work describes the work as the *Pāśakevalī* of Garga. Ib.

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*Keralapraśna* IV (pra.), Prognostication with arecanuts. Ib.

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*Keralapraśna* V or *Divyacūḍāmaṇi*, ascribed to Keralācārya. Related to *Akṣaracūḍāmaṇi* and *Cūḍāmaṇisāra*. Ib. Edn. in Telugu script with Telugu gloss, Vavilla Press, Madras, 1944 ; Banaras, Sam. 1731. See also *Cūḍāmaṇikeralī*.

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*Keralapraśna* VI or *Keralapraśnaprakaraṇa* or *Keralīyajñāna*, (pra. based on letters.) Ib.

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*Keralapraśna* VII (pra.), in 67 verses. Ib. Edn. with Hindi Tr., Lakshmipur, Bombay, 1913.

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*Keralapraśnagrantha* (pra.), by Mūladeva. Mss. NCC V.44.

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Do.—C (?) *Keralagranthodāharaṇa*, by the author himself. Ib. 43.

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*Keralapraśnaḥ* (pra.) Mss. Varanasi, IX. 288, 298.

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*Keralabayalis* : Name of *Uḍudāyapradīpa* attributed to Keralācārya.

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*Keralabṛndāvana* or *Jñānapradīpa* (astrol.), by Padmanābha. Mss. NCC V. 44.

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*Keralabhagya* (astrol.) Ib.

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Do.—C. Ib.

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*Keralabhāṣya* (astrol.), Ib. On *Keralavacanāni* (?)

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*Keralamata* (astrol.), ascribed to Śiva : See *Akṣaracintāmaṇi*.

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*Keralamatapraśnasaṅgraha* (pra.) by Mihirabhaṭṭa. Ms. VVRI I. 82.

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*Keralayātrā* (nat. astrol.) Ms. NCC V. 45.

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*Keralayogāvalī* (astrol.) Ib.

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*Keralaratnamañjarī* (astrol.) by Viśvanātha Bhaṭṭa, Ib.

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*Keralaratnākara* (astrol.) Ib.

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*Keralarahasya* or *Keralajātakānanda* (astrol.), by Śukrācārya. Ib.

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*Keralarājayogasāra* (astrol.) Ib.

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*Keralavacanāni* (astrol.) Ib.

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Do.—C, *Keralabhāṣya*, by Dhuṇḍhirāja. Ib.

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*Keralaśāstra* I (astrol.), Ib., 47; Varanasi, IX, 314. See also *Keralīśāstra*.

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*Keralaśāstra* II, Sn. *Gargasaṃhitā* (pra.) NCC V.45.

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Do.—C, *Gargamanoramā*. Ib.

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*Keralaśāstrasūtra* (astrol.) attributed in one of its mss. to a demoness named Nikaṣā.

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Do.—C. Ib.

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*Keralaslokasūtra* (astrol.) Ib.

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*Keralasāra* (astrol.) Ms. Varanasi, IX. 286.

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*Keralasiddhānta* (pra.), couched in the form of a dialogue between the divine couple, Pārvatī and Parameśvara, Ref. Ul. Sup. I. 228.

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*Keralasūtra* I (astrol.) Ms. NCC V.47.

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*Keralasūtra* II (astrol.), ascribed to Marīci, Ib; Varanasi, IX. 296.

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*Keralasūtra* III (jā.), by Śrī (?). Ms. Mad. T. 1981 (d).

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Tr. in *Missing links of Hindu astrology*, No. 11, Bombay, 1963.

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*Keralahora* (jā.). Ref. Ul. Sup. I. 229.

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Do—C by Sarvartu Paṇḍita, written at the instance of Gopāla, at Vijayanagar. Ms. NCC V. 47.

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*Keralācarya*. Despite the Kerala tradition that he was the minister of a Kerala King, it is not unlikely that he is an apocryphal or non-Kerala author. See above, pp. 46-47. —*Uḍudāyapradīpa* —*Keralapraśna* V or *Divyacūḍāmaṇi* —*Mātṛcūḍāmaṇi* —See also above, pp. 101-2.

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*Keralapraśna* or *Avajadapaśna*, from the *Rudrayāmala*. NCC V. 48.

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*Keralī°* : See also *Kerala°*.

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*Keralī* I (astrol.) or *Kerala*. Ms. NCC V.43.

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*Keralī* II (nat. astrol.) Ib. 48.

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*Keralī* III (pra.) by Rāvaṇa. Ib.

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*Keralī* IV (pra.), or *Pāśakeralī*, prediction based on throwing the dice, ascribed to Garga. Ib. See also *Pāśakeralī*.

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*Keralīgrantha* (jā.), or *Uḍudayapradīpa* or *Jātakacandrikā*, by Veṅkaṭeśa. Ib.

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*Keralīcūḍāmaṇi* (pra.) Ib. See also *Keralapraśna* or *Divyacūḍāmaṇi*.

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*Keralī(ya)jataka* (jā.) Ib. See also *Keralajātaka* and *Keraliyam Jātakam*.

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*Keralī(ya)jñāna* (pra.) Ib. See also *Keralajñāna*.

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*Keralidaśaprakāra* (jā.) Ib.

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*Keralipraśna* (pra.) Mss. Varanasi IX. 294, 302. See also *Keralapraśna*.

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*Keralipraśnabhāṣa* (pra.) Ms. Nepal Vir, 28.

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*Keralipraśna(vicāra)*, (pra.) Ib. ; Nepal Vir, 28.

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*Keralipraśnasaṅgraha* (pra.) Mss. NCC V.48.

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*Keralipraśnasāra* (pra.) Ib.

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*Keralīya* (jā.) Ms. Mad. T. 2233 (g) (*Jivakādhyāya*).

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*Keralīyajātakasaṅgraha* (jā.) Ms. Mysore, I. 332.

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*Keralīya(jyotiṣa)* (jā.) Ms. Mad. T. 1623.

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*Keralīyajñāna* (pra.) Mss. Tanjore, D. 11685, 24028. See also *Keralajñāna*.

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*Keralīyanakṣatradaśaphala* (jā.). Ms. NCC V.48.

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*Keralīyapraśna* (pra.) Mss. Ib. ; Raj. Jodhpur, III-B. 508.

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*Keralīyapraśnaratna* (pra.), by Nandarāma Paṇḍita.

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Edn. with Hindi C, Lakshmi Venkatesvara Press, Bombay : Kalyan, 1923-24.

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*Keralīyapraśnaratnākara* (pra.) Men. Ul Sup. I. 228.

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*Keralīyabhāṣāsāra* (astrol.) Ms. NCC V. 49.

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*Keralīyasūtra* (jā.) Ms. Mad. 1981 (d), on *dvādaśabhāva*.

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*Keraliyam Jātakam* (jā.) Ms. Mysore, I. 332.

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See also *Keralajātaka*.

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Do.—C. Ms. Mysore, I. 332.

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*Keralīyam jātakam* (*Saṅgraha*) (jā.), Ms. Mysore, I. 332.

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*Keralīśakuna* (omenology), ascribed to Vyāsa. Ms. NCC V.49.

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*Keralīśakunavali* (omenology), by Bhañjana Miśra. Ib.

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*Keralīśastra* (astrol.) Ms. Nepal Vir. 28. See also *Keralaśāstra*.

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Do.—C (Newari). Ms. Nepal Vir, 28.

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*Keralisammatakoṣṭhiprakaraṇa* (astrol.) Ms. NCC V.49.

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*Keralisāra-saṅgraha* (astrol.). Ib.

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*Krahā* ... śa, son of Canna Yajvan. — *Keraladīpikā*

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*Garga* — *Keralapāśāvalī* — *Keralapraśnagrantha* — *Keralī* or *Paśakerālī*, all related.

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*Cūḍāmaṇikeralī* (pra.), Ms. IO 3126. See also *Keralapraśna* V or *Divyacūḍāmaṇi*.

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*Cūḍāmaṇisāra* (pra.), by Lakṣmaṇa, a résumé of the *Divyacūḍāmaṇi* or *Keralapraśna* V of Keralācārya. Ms. CC I. 189.

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*Cola* — C (VI) on *Uḍudāyapradīpa*.

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*Jātakaratanāvalī* (*Keralīyā*), (jā.) Ms. Raj. Jodh. II-B. 320.

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*Jīvanātha Jhā*, son of Harirāma — C *Tattvadīpikā* on *Uḍudāyapradīpa*

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*Jñānapradīpa* (°ka °pikā) : Same as *Keralabṛndāvana* by Padmanābha.

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*Ḍhuṇḍhirāja* — *Keralabhāṣya* on *Keralavacanāni*

c12.s1.121

*Dvādaśabhāva(phalā)* : See *Keralacandrikā* and *Keraladvādaśabhāvaphalā*.

c12.s1.122

*Nandarāma Paṇḍita* — *Keralīya-praśnaratna*

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*Nikaṣā*, a demoness — *Keralāśāstrasūtra*

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*Nṛhari* or *Nṛsiṃha*, alias Appāsūri — C, *Śaradāgama*, on *Uḍudāyapradīpa*

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*Padmanābha* — *Keralabṛndāvana* or *Jñanadīpa* (°paka, °pikā) — *Keralapradīpa* (possibly same as the above work)

c12.s1.126

*Paramasukha* — C on *Uḍudayapradīpa*

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*Parahita* (kar.), apparently by a Tamil astronomer, based on the Kerala Parahita school. Epoch : Kali-day 16,83,312 (A.D. 1507). Couched in corrupt Sanskrit.

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Beg.

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hariharavidhikhecarān praṇatvā
kalidivasāt ‘priyabālajātako’nāt /
bhavati hi varabhaumavārāpūrvam
parahitakhaṇḍam iti bruvanti santaḥ //
guṇkāraḥ kulam bhānoḥ *etc.*

c12.s1.130

Ms. Tanjore D. 11719 (70 gr.)

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*Paśakakerālī* : See *Pāśakevalī*.

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*Pāśakevalī* (prognostication by dice throw), sometimes spelt as *Paśakakerālī*, *Pāśakevalī* or *Paśakevalī*, attributed to Garga. Mss. CC I. 336 ; Lucknow, Skt. Parishad, I. 232.

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*Paśakevalī* I or *Jñānabhāskara* (nat. astrol.) Ms. Raj. Jaina, IV.286.

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*Paśakevalī* II or *Keralapraśna* (pra.), by Garga. Mss. Raj. Jaina, II. 272 ; IV. 286 ; Raj. Jodh. II-B. 330 ; Tanjore D. 11496.

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Do.—C *Ṭīkā*. Mss. Raj. Jodh., II-B. 330.

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*Prajāpati* — *Uḍupakerala*

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*Praśnakeralī* (pra.), by Bhojarāja. Ms. Varanasi, IX. 50.

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*Praśnabhargava-kerala* (pra.). Ms. CC I. 358.

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*Praśnavidya* (pra.), from *Keralīya*. Ms. NCC V. 49.

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*Bālakṛṣṇa*, son of Jyotiḥsvarūpa —C, *Snehakupikā*, on *Uḍudayapradīpa*.

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*Bharagva-pañcāṅgam* (astrol.), by Vararuci IV.

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End: *ity evam Bhārgavam nāma Pañcāṅgam Bhārgavoditam |* *viditvā manujo yas tu kurute kāryam anvaham ||*

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Col. *iti Vararuci-viracitam Bhārgavapraṇītam Pañcāṅgam samā-ptam.*

c12.s1.144

Ms. Mad. D. 14055.

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**Bhañjana Miśra** —*Keraliśakunāvalī*

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**Bhairavadatta** —C, *Uddyota*, on *Uḍudāyapradīpa*

c12.s1.147

**Bhojarāja** —*Praśnakeralī*

c12.s1.148

**Mayūreśvaropādhyāya** — C on *Uḍudayapradīpa*

c12.s1.149

**Marici** —*Keralasūtra*

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*Matrācūḍamaṇi* (jā.?), by Keralācārya. Ms. Imperial Museum (now in the Asiatic Soc., Calcutta), 10737.

c12.s1.151

**Mihira Bhaṭṭa** —*Keralamata-praśnasaṅgraha*

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**Mūladeva** —*Keralapraśnagrantha* —*Keralagranthodāharaṇa*, possibly C on above.

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**Rāvaṇa** —*Keralī* (pra.)

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**Lakṣmaṇa** —*Cūḍamaṇisāra*

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Vararuci III, Tamil astronomer of Kanchipuram who adapted the Parahita system of Kerala astronomy in the Tamil region. c. 1300 A.D. —*Vakyakaraṇa* or *Vakyapañcādhyāyī*

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Vararuci III (contd.)

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Ref. T. S. K. Sastri and K. V. Sarma, Intro. to *Vākyakaraṇa*, (Madras, 1962), pp. vi-ix.

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Vararuci IV

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—*Bhārgavapañcāṅga*

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*Vākyakaraṇa* I or *Vākyapañcādhyāyī* (kar.), by Vararuci III. Basic manual of the *Vākyapañcāṅga* of the Tamil country. In five chapters devoted, respectively, to *Ravicandrarāhusphuṭa*, *Tārāgrahasphuṭa*, *Tripraśna*, *Grahaṇa* and *Udayāsta-mahāpataḥ*.

c12.s1.161

Mss. See Intro. to edn. Cr. Edn. with detailed Intro., Summary of contents and Appendices, by T. S. Kuppanna Sastri and K.V. Sarma, K.S.R. Institute., Madras-4, 1962.

c12.s1.162

Do.—C I, *Laghudīpikā* or *Laghuprakāśikā* by Sundararāja.

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Mss. See Intro. to edn. Cr. Edn. by T. S. K. Sastri and K.V. Sarma, with the edn. of the text, above.

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Do.—C II, *Sundararājīya* or *Vāsanāprakāśikā* by Sundararāja, being more extensive than C I above.

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Men. by the au. himself in his C I, edn., pp. 3, 21, 24, 49, 90, 107; See also the intro. to his C I :

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śrī-Nīlakaṇṭhāṅghriniviṣṭacetāḥ
śrī-Somadevānujighṛkṣayaiva /
vicitravākyair vivṛtam punaś ca
prakāśaye 'ham karaṇam laghiyaḥ /

c12.s1.167

*Vākyakaraṇa* II (*Prakṣiptādhyāya*) (kar.), ch. VI, in 37 interpolated verses. Ms. See edn. Edn. By T.S.K. Sastri and K.V. Sarma, as App. to the edn. of *Vākyakaraṇa*, above.

c12.s1.168

*Vākyakaraṇa* III, related to *Vākyakaraṇa* II. Ms. Ker. P. 955.

c12.s1.169

Viśvanātha Bhaṭṭa

c12.s1.170

—*Keralaratnamañjarī*

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Veṅkaṭeśa, of the Kāśyapagotra, pupil of Acyuta I

c12.s1.172

—*Keralagrantha*, *Uḍudayapradīpa* or *Jātakacandrikā*

c12.s1.173

—*Devakerala* of Acyuta II, redaction of Part II

c12.s1.174

Vyāsa — *Keraliśakuna*

c12.s1.175

Śiva — *Keralamata*

c12.s1.176

Śukra Ācārya — *Keralajatakānanda* or *Keralarahasya* or *Śukrakerala*

c12.s1.177

*Śukrakerala* : See *Keralajatakānanda*.

c12.s1.178

Śri (?) — *Keralasūtra* or *°śastra*

c12.s1.179

Sarvartu Paṇḍita, protégé of Gopāla of Vijayanagar. —C on *Keralahorā*

c12.s1.180

Sundararāja, Astronomer of the Tamil country, resident of the banks of river Kāveri, son of Anantanārāyaṇa and protégé of Somadeva ; admirer and contemporary of Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji, with whom he had correspondence on astronomical problems (see above, pp. 175-76, *Sundararāja-praśnottara* by Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji). —C I, *Laghudīpikā* or *Laghuprakāśikā* on *Vākyakaraṇa* of Vararuci III. —C II *Sundararājīya* or *Vāsanāprakāśikā*, a more extensive C on *Vākyakaraṇa* of Vararuci III.

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Ref. T. S. K. Sastri and K. V. Sarma, Intro. to *Vākyakaraṇa*, Madras, 1962.

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Note. Since most of the works noticed above are anonymous, that fact is not indicated against each work with the symbol ‘anon’. However, when the real or apocryphal author of a work is known, the fact is duly indicated.