[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915) › c8.11 # The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus c8.11 The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus c8.11 - **Language:** English ### [c8.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8.11) (2) \*Jarâyuja\*, viviparous or placental; (3) \*Andaja\*, oviparous; and (4) \*Udvijja\*, bursting forth (from the ground, or perhaps from some previous unmanifest shape, \*e.g.\* frogs, coccidæ, etc.). The second, third, and fourth classes are mentioned in the order of their importance. Subsequently the order of enumeration is changed: (1) \*Jarâyuja\*, (2) \*Andaja\*, (3) \*Svedaja\*, (4) \*Udvijja\*. One reading gives the order: (1) \*Svedaja\*, (2) \*Andaja\*, (3) \*Udvijja\*, and (4) \*Jarâyuja\*. Some commentators point out that the order in the text (whatever that may be) is intended to indicate the order of creation by Brahmâ. - [Previous: c8.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8.10) - [Next: c8.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8.12) - [Up: c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8.11) · Pramāṇa