[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915) › c8.4 # The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus c8.4 The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus c8.4 - **Language:** English ### [c8.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8.4) Charaka mentions four primary divisions:— (1) \*Jarâyuja\*, born from the uterus, or, rather, placentalia, viviparous (no a-placental mammals were known), \*e.g.\* man, the quadrupeds, etc. (2) \*Andaja\*, born of an ovum (egg), comprising fishes, reptiles, and birds. (3) \*Svedaja\* (or \*Uṣmaja\*), born of moisture and heat, spontaneously or a-sexually generated, \*e.g.\* worms, mosquitoes, etc. (4) \*Udvijja\*, born of vegetable organisms (भूतानां चतुर्विधा योनिर्र्भवति जरायुजण्डजस्वेदोद्भिदः—\*Sârîrasthâna\*, Chap. III. एकैका योनिः अपरिसंख्येयभेदा भवन्ति भूतानामाकृतिविशेषा परिसंख्येयत्वात्—\*Ibid.\*). - [Previous: c8.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8.3) - [Next: c8.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8.5) - [Up: c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8) ## Linked texts (1) - [Carakasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka) — Agniveśa (Āyurveda) & Caraka, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.seal-1915.c8.4) · Pramāṇa