The Shulbasutras of Baudhayana, Apastamba, Katyayana and Manava: With Text, English Translation and Commentary c8.t23: Chapter 10: Construction of a Rectilinear Śyenacit
The Śulbasūtras of Baudhāyana, Āpastamba, Kātyāyana and Mānava: With Text, English Translation and Commentary c8.t23
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Chapter 10: Construction of a Rectilinear Śyenacit
c8.t23.2
**10.1-10.3.** The method of arranging bricks of size one-fifth of a *puruṣa* and those derived from them in a rectilinear *śyenacit* is described in this chapter. The first three *sūtras* indicate the procedure for the first layer. The bricks to be used and already described in 9.6 are: {llr} B_1 — one-fifth (of a puruṣa), pa\tilde{n}camabh\bar{a}g\bar{i}ya, pa\tilde{n}cami— & 24× 24 a\dot{n}g² / B_2 — one-fifth with half, adhyardh\bar{a}-pa\tilde{n}cami & — 36× 24 , / B_3 — half of one-fifth, ardh\bar{a} of pa\tilde{n}cam\bar{i} & — 24× 12 , / B_4 — quarter of one-fifth, pr\bar{a}de\acute{s}a & — 12× 12 , / B_5 — one-fifteenth, pa\tilde{n}cada\acute{s}abh\bar{a}g\bar{i}y\bar{a}, one-ninth of pa\tilde{n}cami & — 8× 8 ,
c8.t23.4
[Figure: Fig. 9(a) Arrangement of bricks in the first layer of a *caturaśraśyenacit*, in which northern wing is not fully drawn, numbers indicating suffixes used after brick-types;
(b) alternative arrangement in the tail in which the *prādeśakṣetra* is shown nearest to the body.]
c8.t23.5
The arrangement of bricks is shown in Fig. 9 The *adhyardā-pañcami* (*B*₂) bricks at each juncture of the wing with the body are placed such that 24 *aṅgulas* lie within the body and 12 *aṅgulas* in the wing, as explained by the commentators (*ātmānama-ratninā prādeśena pakṣamityarthaḥ*—Karavinda). In the tail, the *B*₂ bricks on each side may start from the upper end at the junction with the body, leaving 12 *aṅgulas* (*prādeśakṣetra*) at the end, as it appears from Sundararāja, or from the western end of the tail leaving the *prādeśakṣetra* adjacent to the body, as is preferred by Karavinda. Both Sundararāja and Karavinda place 2 *B*₄ bricks at each end of the *prādeśakṣetra* and 4 *B*₃s in the middle (Fig. 9(a)). Kapardi places 2 *B*₃s in the middle flanked on each side by 3 *B*₄s (Fig. 9(b)). In the former arrangement, the number of bricks total 166, and in the latter 168, as detailed in Table 1.
c8.t23.6
Table 1. *Bricks in different parts of the citi—first layer; figures within parenthesis are according to Kapardi.*
c8.t23.7
| Parts of the *citi* | Brick types | | | | Total |
| | B₁ | B₂ | B₃ | B₄ | |
| Body, including bricks at the junctures | 60 | 30 | | | 90 (90) |
| Wings | 40 | 10 | | | 50 (50) |
| Tail | 10 | 10 | 4 (2) | 2 (6) | 26 (28) |
| Total | 110 | 50 | 4 (2) | 2 (6) | 166 (168) |
c8.t23.8
For 166 bricks, the deficit is 34. Sundararāja proposes to replace 4 *B*₁s from the middle of the body by 36 *B*₅s and again 2 *B*₁s from the end of the tail by 4 *B*₃s.
c8.t23.9
**10.4-10.6.** In describing the arrangement of bricks in the second layer in these *sūtras*, care is taken that the edges of bricks in the two layers do not meet. This is achieved by placing 10 *B*₂ bricks turned towards north or south along the southern and the northern side of the body and interchanging the arrangement of bricks between the tail and the wing. Thus *B*₂ bricks placed at the juncture between the wing and the body in the first layer are now placed at that between the tail and the body, with 1 *aratni* or 24 *aṅgulas* lying within the tail and 12 *aṅgulas* within the body. (*tāsāmardheṣṭakāmātrāṇyātmani bhavanti/pucche'ratnimātrāṇi/Sundararāja.*). Since 12 *aṅgulas* of these bricks project into the body, these are covered, according to the commentators, by 5 *B*₂s to enable the filling up of the remaining space with *B*₁s. In the first layer, 5 *B*₂s lined each side of the tail. This arrangement is to be followed in the case of the wings for the second layer with the modification that on each side of the wing the number of *B*₂s should now be 6 because of the extension of the wing by one *aratni*. The different types of bricks arranged in the above manner total 163, as mentioned by Karavinda and in Fig. 10 and Table 2.
c8.t23.10
Fig. 10. Arrangement of bricks in the second layer of a *caturaśra śyenacit*.
c8.t23.11
| Parts of *citi* | Brick types | | | Total |
| | B₁ | B₂ | B₃ | |
| Body, including bricks at the juncture | 65 | 20 | 5 | 90 |
| Wings | 24 | 24 | | 48 |
| Tail | 15 | 10 | | 25 |
| Total | 104 | 54 | 5 | 163 |
c8.t23.12
Now, 37 bricks are still required to make the number 200. According to Karavinda, 4 B₁s, one each from the body, the wings and the tail, are replaced by 36 B₅s; 5 B₁s in the middle of the easternmost row in the body are replaced by 10 B₃s. (*atra pakṣayorātmani pucche catasraḥ pañcamabhāgīyā uddhṛtya ṣaṭtriṁśatam pañcadaśabhāgīyā upadadhyāt/ātmani pūrvasyām rītyām madhye pañcoddhṛtya daśārdheṣṭakā udīcīrupada-dhyādevam dviśataḥ prastāraḥ/*)
c8.t23.13
The first and the second layers are then repeated alternately up to as many layers as desired.
c8.t23.14
**10.7-10.10.** These *sūtras* do not call for much explanation. *purīṣa* is loose earth moistened with water,—*jalādrā mṛt purīṣam* (Karavinda) and is applied for purposes of bonding, for filling up crevices etc.