[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c11.s17.5 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c11.s17.5 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c11.s17.5 - **Language:** English ### [c11.s17.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c11.s17.5) Pt. Shukla argued for \*ātman\* as a body substance according to the tenets of Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika systems. The individual self carries nine \*viśeṣa guṇas\* (special qualities), which are \*jñāna\*, \*icchā\*, \*dveṣa\*, \*prayatna\*, \*dharma\*, \*adharma\*, \*bhāvanā\*, \*sukha\* and \*duḥkha\* and five \*sāmanya guṇas\* (general qualities), i.e. \*saṁkhyā\*, \*parimāṇa\*, \*pṛthaktva\*, \*saṁyoga\* and \*vibhāga\*. These fourteen qualities exist in the individual self and it can be accepted to be an indivisible part of the body. Thus the individual self is not a separate substance, as the body and the mind (\*manas\*) joined together would serve all the purposes of the existence of a human being. The combination of body with mind can be accepted as the individual self, as all the \*viśeṣa guṇas\* of individual self — \*buddhi\*, \*sukha\*, \*duḥkha\*, \*icchā\*, \*dveṣa\* and \*prayatna\* — will exist in the body and remaining other \*dharma\*, \*adharma\*, \*bhāvanā\* will remain only in the \*manas\*. Through this bifurcation of the qualities, Pt. Shukla revised the concept of \*viśeṣa guṇas\* and redefined some of them as \*sāmānya guṇas\*. He located these \*sāmānya guṇas\* in the body. The distribution of \*sāmānya\* and \*viśeṣa guṇas\* in the body and mind respectively satisfies all the requirements of an individual self, therefore the need to consider the self as a separate entity from the body and the mind is nullified, and there is no need to accept the self as the ninth substance. - [Previous: c11.s17.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c11.s17.4) - [Next: c11.s17.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c11.s17.6) - [Up: c11.s17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c11.s17) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c11.s17.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c11.s17.5) · Pramāṇa