[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c2.8 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c2.8 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c2.8 - **Language:** English ### [c2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c2.8) Some of the issues that have repeatedly surfaced in \*vādas\* are concerned with the conflict between \*karma\* (action) and \*jñāna\* (knowledge), choice between violence and non-violence, the clash between two ideologies — \*pravṛtti\* (empiricism) and \*nivṛtti\* (renunciation) and these still persist in modern India in some form or the other. The doctrine of cumulative pursuit of \*karma\* and \*jñāna\* continued till Śaṅkara vehemently discarded it. - [Previous: c2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c2.7) - [Next: c2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c2.9) - [Up: c2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c2) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c2.8) · Pramāṇa