[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c6.s6.2 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c6.s6.2 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c6.s6.2 - **Language:** English ### [c6.s6.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c6.s6.2) Revived by Madhva, Rāmānuja, Vallabhācārya (1479–1531), Caitanya (1485–1533), Tukārāma (1609-49) and other saints, the Bhakti movement had a dominating effect even in the area of philosophical reasoning. Sadānanda who flourished in Kashmir in the seventeenth century made an attempt to synthesize \*bhakti\* and \*yoga\* in his \*Svarūpaprakāśa\*, a text of Advaita Vedānta. He also introduces the concept of Para-Vāsudeva from Vaiṣṇava Pāñcarātra system¹⁴⁹ and discusses the concept of \*sākṣī\* (witness) different from the individual soul (\*jīva\*) and elaborates upon it by Vādirāja, so named because of his debating skills, flourished in eleventh century CE under the rule of Cāḷukya king Jagadekamalla Jayasiṁha (CE 1018-42). In his \*Nyāyaviniścayavivaraṇa\*, Vādirāja has refuted several rival doctrines. He brilliantly defends Syādvāda against the vehement criticism of Śaṅkarācārya, he also argues against Kumārila, Praśastapāda, Īśvarakṛṣṇa and Maṇḍana Miśra. - [Previous: c6.s6.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c6.s6.1) - [Next: c6.s6.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c6.s6.3) - [Up: c6.s6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c6.s6) ## Cites (2) - [Nyāyaviniścayavivaraṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.pramana.nyayaviniscaya!vadiraja*mahendrakumar1954) — Sanskrit - [Svarūpanirṇaya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.advaita.prakarana.late.other.svarupanirnaya) — Sadānanda Kāśmīra, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c6.s6.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c6.s6.2) · Pramāṇa