[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c7.s2.22 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c7.s2.22 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c7.s2.22 - **Language:** English ### [c7.s2.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2.22) Caraka’s concepts of \*siddhānta\*, \*aupamya\*, \*saṁśaya\* and \*prayojana\* are very much in affinity with their counterparts in Nyāya,⁵⁴ while his \*savyabhicāra\* is treated as a \*hetvābhāsa\* in Nyāya. His treatment of \*śabda\*, \*pratyakṣa\* and \*anumāna\* also follows the Nyāya system.⁵⁵ He defines \*aitihya\* as \*āptopadeśa\* (advice from ancient reliable source).⁵⁶ This is treated as a category separate from \*śabda-pramāṇa\*, because \*śabda-\* \*pramāṇa\* to Caraka lies in the statements of reliable physicians. \*Jijñāsā\* is a typical category in Caraka’s discourse. It is like diagnosis. The advice given after examining a patient is \*jijñāsā\*.⁵⁷ \*Vyavasāya\* is decision.⁵⁸ \*Arthaprāpti\* (implication) is like the \*arthāpatti\* in Māmāṁsā, \*sambhava\* (origination), \*anuyojya\* (questionable statement), \*ananuyojya\* (unquestionable statement), \*anuyoga\* (question) and \*pratyanuyoga\* (counter-question) are other categories, according to Caraka, to be utilized in debate.⁵⁹ - [Previous: c7.s2.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2.21) - [Next: c7.s2.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2.23) - [Up: c7.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2.22) · Pramāṇa