[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c7.s2.24 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c7.s2.24 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c7.s2.24 - **Language:** English ### [c7.s2.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2.24) \*Chala\* has been defined by Caraka as mere verbosity full of deceit and pseudo-meanings. Examples are given from Āyurvedic debates. He defines two types of \*chala\* only – \*vāk-chala\* and \*sāmānya-chala\*, and omits \*upacāra-chala\*.⁶⁰ The categories like \*atītakāla\* are repeated here and they are taken up as \*nigrahasthānas\* also. Caraka has used the term \*ahetu\* for \*hetvābhāsa\*. \*Ahetu\* is of three types — \*prakaraṇasama\*, \*saṁśayasama\* and \*varṇyasama\*. \*Upālambha\* is remonstration. \*Parihāra\* is retribution of the defect. \*Pratijñāhāni\* and \*abhyanujñā\* are also defined as \*nigrahasthas\* in \*Nyāyasūtra\*. \*Hetvantara\* is referred to a defective cause instead of the cause in the context. \*Arthāntara\* is digression. - [Previous: c7.s2.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2.23) - [Next: c7.s2.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2.25) - [Up: c7.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2) ## Cites (1) - [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.pracina.nyayasutra) — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s2.24) · Pramāṇa