[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c7.s3.3 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c7.s3.3 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c7.s3.3 - **Language:** English ### [c7.s3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s3.3) On the basis of \*pratijñā\* (thesis) \*vāda\* is of two kinds — \*svabhāva\* (\*vāda\* of intrinsic nature) and \*viśeṣa\* (\*vāda\* of particular nature). On the basis of \*hetu\* it is of eight kinds — (i) \*pratijñā\* (upholding the thesis), (ii) \*hetu\* (giving the reason), (iii) \*udāharaṇa\* (example), (iv) \*sārūpya\* (similarity of example), (v) \*vairūpya\* (dissimilarity of example), (vi) \*pratyakṣa\* (right perception), (vii) \*anumāna\* (inference), and (viii) \*āptāgama\* (concluding with reference to the authorities). - [Previous: c7.s3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s3.2) - [Next: c7.s3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s3.4) - [Up: c7.s3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s3) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c7.s3.3) · Pramāṇa