[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c8.s5.14 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c8.s5.14 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c8.s5.14 - **Language:** English ### [c8.s5.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.14) Śaṅkara refutes Vijñānavādin, Sāṁkhya and Vaiśeṣika together on one ground — they are not based on the knowledge of \*Brahman\* as revealed from the Śruti.³⁵ In fact, he corners the Sāṁkhya, Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Vijñānavādin and Cārvāka for their realist, dualist and materialistic views. At the very outset of his \*bhāṣya\* on \*Brahmasūtra\*, he gives a resume of various prima-facie views and takes together all of them.³⁶ The Vaiśeṣika's concept of \*ātman\* appears equally absurd to him as he would regard the \*ātman\* as \*acetana\* (inanimate) and \*dravya\* (substance).³⁷ Neither view of \*vijñāna\* is acceptable as it is momentary.³⁸ - [Previous: c8.s5.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.13) - [Next: c8.s5.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.15) - [Up: c8.s5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5) ## Cites (1) - [Brahmasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.vedanta.brahmasutra-works.brahmasutra) — Bādarāyaṇa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.14) · Pramāṇa