[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c8.s5.18 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c8.s5.18 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c8.s5.18 - **Language:** English ### [c8.s5.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.18) They maintain the difference between \*jīva\* (individual soul) and \*Paramātman\* (Absolute Being) but also treat \*jīvātman\* at par with \*Paramātman\*. The world to them is of two types — sentient and non-sentient. The non-sentient is of three kinds — \*bhogya\* (object), \*bhogopakaraṇa\* (instrument) and \*bhogāyatana\* (site of fruition). Rāmānuja Darśana also differs from Śāṅkara-Vedānta by the way of holding \*karman\* as necessary. - [Previous: c8.s5.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.17) - [Next: c8.s5.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.19) - [Up: c8.s5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.18) · Pramāṇa