[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c8.s5.32 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c8.s5.32 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c8.s5.32 - **Language:** English ### [c8.s5.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.32) The Pariṇāmavāda of the Sāṁkhya stands in sharp contrast to both the theories — Ārabhyārambhakavāda (transitive causation) and Ārambhavāda (intransitive causation) and also to the Vivartavāda of the Advaita Vedāntin. It views the physical world as a transformation of one single, unitary and all-pervasive substance, named as \*prakṛti\* (primordial matter). The universe is evolved out of this \*prakṛti\*. The Naiyāyikas like Udayana criticize the Sāṁkhya, questioning the possibility of diversity evolving out of singularity. They also point out the inner contradiction of \*prakṛti\* being \*acetana\* (insentient) but having the power of creation. - [Previous: c8.s5.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.31) - [Next: c8.s5.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.33) - [Up: c8.s5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s5.32) · Pramāṇa