[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c8.s7.3 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c8.s7.3 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c8.s7.3 - **Language:** English ### [c8.s7.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s7.3) The orthodox Naiyāyikas believed that \*pratyakṣa\* is of two types — \*laukika\* (this-worldly) and \*alaukika\* (other-worldly). Both Diṅnāga and Dharmakīrti naturally stood against the \*alaukika pratyakṣa\* as it does not fit in the theory of \*svalakṣaṇa\* — a \*svalakṣaṇa\* cannot be judged in terms of \*laukika\* (this-worldly) or \*alaukika\* (other-worldly). - [Previous: c8.s7.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s7.2) - [Next: c8.s7.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s7.4) - [Up: c8.s7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s7) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s7.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s7.3) · Pramāṇa