[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c8.s9.4 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c8.s9.4 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c8.s9.4 - **Language:** English ### [c8.s9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s9.4) Following Vātsyāyana's \*bhāṣya\* on these aphorisms, Ganganath Jha in his commentary entitled \*Khadyota\* suggests that these three aphorisms refute certain other systems and approve some systems. The first aphorism (IV.1.19) refutes the prima-facie view of Vedānta which accepts God as the \*upādāna kāraṇa\* (inherent cause) of world. The third aphorism (IV.1.21) again disapproves the Vedāntic view that God is the \*nimitta kāraṇa\* (efficient cause) of the world. Accordingly Vātsyāyana's view of \*Iśvara\* establishes Him as the observer and regulator of this world, and not as the creator. He does not transform himself in the form of this world. If we accept the theory of \*pariṇāma\* (transformation), the question would arise as to whether God transforms Himself partly or fully to create this world. There will objections both ways. If he transforms Himself partly then he would not remain \*akhaṇḍa\* (whole). If he transforms Himself fully then He will not remain eternal. - [Previous: c8.s9.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s9.3) - [Next: c8.s9.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s9.5) - [Up: c8.s9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s9) ## Linked texts (1) - [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.4.1.19) — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c8.s9.4) · Pramāṇa