[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c9.4 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c9.4 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c9.4 - **Language:** English ### [c9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.4) In Upaniṣads we find seers from all castes and classes. Bādarāyaṇa however seeks to restrict the knowledge of \*Brahman\* from śudras. There is a whole section in his \*Brahmasūtra\* — called the Apaśūdrādhikaraṇa — in defence of this restriction. Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā also upholds the ban on the śūdras for performing a Vedic ritual. On the other hand, there were some enlightened sages like Bādari, who upheld the right of the śūdras to perform rituals. - [Previous: c9.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.3) - [Next: c9.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.5) - [Up: c9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9) ## Linked texts (1) - [Brahmasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.vedanta.brahmasutra) — Bādarāyaṇa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.4) · Pramāṇa