[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021) › c9.s3.2 # Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c9.s3.2 Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c9.s3.2 - **Language:** English ### [c9.s3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.s3.2) One of the questions taken up by some authors of Smṛti texts is about a person’s dependence on \*daiva\* (fate) and \*puruṣakāra\* (industriousness). Yājñavalkya refers to a few divergent views here — Daivavāda (fatalism), Svabhāvavāda (naturalism), Kālavāda (pessimism) and Puruṣakāravāda (activism). In his opinion, success in life depends on \*daiva\* and \*puruṣakāra\* both. Even \*daiva\* is created by a man by his industriousness of the past life. Just as a chariot will not move with one wheel only, the same way without industriousness, even the fate will not materialize.¹² Which is more powerful — a man’s industriousness or his fate — this question is discussed as a debatable issue by several authors and poets in Sanskrit literature. - [Previous: c9.s3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.s3.1) - [Next: c9.s3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.s3.3) - [Up: c9.s3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.s3) ## Linked texts (1) - [Yājñavalkyasmṛti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.yajnavalkya) — Yājñavalkya, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.s3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.tripathi-2021.c9.s3.2) · Pramāṇa