Citramimamsa 73

73

dviṣṇoḥ padaṃ prathamamagrakarairvyanakti'..
`sadyo muṇḍitamattahūṇacibukapraspardhi nāraṅgakam'
ityādau prasiddhirahitopamānāyāṃ, kalpitopamāyāñca avyāptam .
yattvalaṅkārasarvasvakṛtoktam - `upamānopameyayoḥsādharmye bhedābhedatulyatve upamā .
sādharmye trayaḥ pratārāḥ - bhedaprādhānyaṃ dīpaka - tulyayogitā - dṛṣṭānta - prativastūpamā - sahokti - vyatirekādiṣu . abhedaprādhānyaṃ rūpaka - pariṇāma - bhrāntimadullekhādiṣu . dvayostulyatvaṃ yathā'syāmupamāyām . atra hi upamānopameyayorasādhāraṇarupābhyāṃ bhedaḥ, sādhāraṇadharmeṇa abhedaścati dvayorapi tulyataiva' iti tadapyupameyopamātivyāptyādiduṣ‌ṭamiti spaṣṭameva . tasmāddurvacamasyā lakṣaṇamiti . atrocyate-
vyāpāra upamānākhyo bhavedyadi vivakṣitaḥ .
kriyāniṣpattiparyantamupamālaṅkṛtistu sā ..

and in: "The orange rivals the freshly shaven chin of an intoxicated Hūṇa,"—
[the definition] under-extends to cases where the standard of comparison lacks worldly renown (prasiddhi) and to invented comparisons (kalpitopamā).
As for what the author of the Alaṅkārasarvasva stated: "When there is a common property between the standard of comparison and the subject of comparison, simile is their equality of difference and non-difference. In common property there are three varieties: predominance of difference in illuminator (dīpaka), equal pairing (tulyayogitā), exemplar (dṛṣṭānta), typical comparison (prativastūpamā), simultaneous speech (sahokti), contrast (vyatireka), and so on; predominance of non-difference in metaphor (rūpaka), commutation (pariṇāma), poetic error (bhrāntimat), multiple perception (ullekha), and so on; and equality of both, as in this simile. For here, difference [is established] by the uncommon natures of the standard and subject of comparison, and non-difference by the common property; thus, there is precisely an equality of both"—that too is clearly flawed by over-extension to reciprocal comparison (upameyopamā) and other figures. Therefore, its definition is difficult to formulate. On this point, it is said:
If the operation termed 'comparison'
is intended up to the completion of the action,
that constitutes the figure of poetic ornament called simile (upamā).