Shringaraprakasha 2.p1.15

2.p1.15

saṃbandhinā'vacchinnaḥ saṃbandhiviśiṣaṭaḥ ; yathā--halyaḥ kāṣaḥ, saudhaḥ samakocaḥ, pauruṣeyo vadhaḥ, atharvaṇa āmnāyaḥ, vaido ghoṣaḥ, chāndosagyo dharmaḥ iti | upādhirapi saṃbandhyeva bhavati, yathā--gārgikayā vikatthate, kāṭhikayā'dhikṣipati, gārgikāmanvavetaḥ, gārgikāmavagavān, kāṭhikāmāvagatavān iti| dhātvarthopi bhāva eva ; kriyā'pi hyupamānena parītā paricchinnā sādhyasiddhabhāvo bhavati| sa tridhā--bhāvakārakaḥ, rājñā saddaśaṃ vartate--rājavat, jaḍhasya tulyaṃ brāhmaṇādisthāsvadhyayanādikriyāsu sāhacaryādvṛttiḥ, jātidravyayoranyatareṇa kriyāyāḥ sāddaśyānupapatteḥ| yadāha--’tena tulyaṃ kriyā cedvattiḥ ; teneti tṛtīyāsamarthāt tulyamityetasminnarthe vatipratyayo bhavati | kārakaviśiṣṭo yathā--rājñeva vyavahṛtamanena rājavat, devamva bhavantaṃ paśyāmi devavat, asineva dātreṇa cchinacci asivat, brāhmaṇayeva yadā devadttaya dadāti brāhmaṇavat, parvatādivāsanādavarohati pravatavat, pitarīva gurāvacarati pitṛvat| atra punaridameva sūtramanyathā vyākhyāyate--tena kārakaviśeṣeṇa tulyaṃ yathā bhavati| evaṃ cet kriyā bhavati bhāvotpanne vihitapratyaye kadācit pratyayamukhona kriyāviśeṣaṇaṃ bhavati, kadācit prakṛtimukhena ; yathā--tīvraḥ pākaḥ, tīvraṃ pākaṃ iti | saṃbandhiviśiṣṭo yathā--brāhmaṇasyovādhyanamasya bahmaṇavat, rājña iva raudraṃ vṛttamasya pājavat ; jaḍasya saddasaṃ vacanamasya jaḍavat, sūryasyeva prakāśo'sya sūryavat, puturyathā pālanamasya pitṛvat, gurostulyamanuśāsanamasya guruvate, iti | atratu ’tatra tasyeva’ ityanena vatiḥ |

That which is delimited by a related entity is qualified by a related entity, as in: *halyaḥ kāṣaḥ* (a furrow made by a plow), *saudhaḥ samakocaḥ* (a narrowing made of plaster), *pauruṣeyo vadhaḥ* (a human slaying), *ātharvaṇa āmnāyaḥ* (the Atharvan tradition), *vaido ghoṣaḥ* (a settlement of Bidians), *chāndosagyo dharmaḥ* (the duty pertaining to prosody). Even a limiting condition (upādhi) can be a related entity, as in: he boasts in the manner of the Gārgyas (*gārgikayā vikatthate*), he insults in the manner of the Kaṭhas (*kāṭhikayā'dhikṣipati*), he followed the manner of the Gārgyas (*gārgikāmanvavetaḥ*), he understood the manner of the Gārgyas (*gārgikāmavagatavān*), he understood the manner of the Kaṭhas (*kāṭhikāmavagatavān*). The meaning of a verbal root is also an action (bhāva); for an action too, when enclosed and defined by an object of comparison, becomes an accomplishable-accomplished action. It is threefold: [as] an action-syntactic role, “he acts like a king” (*rājavat*); the functioning like an idiot applies to actions such as study situated in brāhmaṇas and the like by association, because similarity between an action and either a universal or a substance is impossible. As he says: “When an action is compared to that, [the affix occurs] if there is a verb” (Pāṇini 5.1.115); the affix *vati* occurs in the meaning of “equal” after a word ending in the third [instrumental] case capable [of syntactic relation] with “that” (*tena*). That which is qualified by a syntactic role is as follows: “he transacted as if by a king” (*rājavat*); “I see you as if a god” (*devavat*); “he cuts with a sickle as if with a sword” (*asivat*); “when he gives to Devadatta as if to a brāhmaṇa” (*brāhmaṇavat*); “he descends from a seat as if from a mountain” (*parvatavat*); “he acts toward a teacher as toward a father” (*pitṛvat*). Here, this very sutra is interpreted differently: “in such a way that it is equal to that specific syntactic role.” If an action is of this kind, when an affix prescribed in the sense of action (bhāva) is added, sometimes the adverbial modifier of the action is expressed through the affix, and sometimes through the morphological base (prakṛti), as in: *tīvraḥ pākaḥ* (“intense cooking”) and *tīvraṃ pākaḥ* (“he cooks intensely”). That which is qualified by a related entity is as follows: “his study is like that of a brāhmaṇa” (*brāhmaṇavat*); “his furious conduct is like that of a king” (*rājavat*); “his speech is like that of a dullard” (*jaḍavat*); “his brilliance is like that of the sun” (*sūryavat*); “his protection is like that of a father” (*pitṛvat*); “his instruction is equal to that of a teacher” (*guruvat*). Here, however, *vati* is introduced by the rule “In that place or like that [person’s]” (Pāṇini 5.1.116).