Shringaraprakasha 2.p1.4

2.p1.4

atra ’na lokālyayaniṣṭhāthalarthatṛnām’ (pā.2.3..69.) iti lādīnāṃ sādhyārthābhidhāyitvāt kartṛkarmaṇoḥ ṣaṣṭhīniṣedhe, ’kṛtyānāṃ kartari vā’ ’ktasya ca vartamāne’ (pā.2.3.71.67.) ; napuṃsake bhāve upasaṃkhyānam ityādibhiḥ punaḥ ṣaṣṭhīvidhānāt pakṣe vivakṣātaḥ siddhārthābhidhāyitvamavagamyata itayetadukto bhāvaḥ sādhyasiddho bhavati | na cātra kṛtyānāṃ niṣedho na śrūyate, yataḥ khasarthatṛnāmityatra khalarthetyanena kṛtyaktakhalarthāḥ śatṛśānañcanaśaśca saṃgṛhyante ; tṛnnityanena punastṛnneveti | ata eva niṣṭhādibhāvasyeva kṛtyabhāvasya karmaṇyapi ṣaṣṭhī na bhavati ; yathā-- gatamastaṃ yathā'rkeṇa yathā'bhyuditamindunā| tatā manina śaithilyamāgantavyaṃ mṛgīddaśaḥ|| 2.4. kathaṃ punaḥ sakarmakāt bhāvapratyayaḥ ? tena hyakatmakādbhavivyam ; yadāha ’laḥ karmaṇi ca bhāve cākarmakebhyaḥ’ (pā.3.4.69.) ’tayoreva kṛtyaktakhalarthāḥ’ (pā.3.4.70) ; na hi bhavati kṛtaṃ kaṭaṃ devadatteneti | ucyate--naitadantarabhgaṃ dravyakarma, api tu ’kālādhvabhāvagantavyāḥ karma,ṃjñā hyakarmaṇām’ iti bahiraṅgeṣu kālādikarmasu gantavyalakṣaṇaṃ gatyarthakarma ; bahiraṅgatā ca ’kālādhvanoratyantasaṃyoge’ (pā.2.3.12.) iti punardvitīyāgrahaṇena jñāyate ; anyāthā bi karmaṇi dvitīyāyāḥ siddhātvāt gatyarthakarmaṇi caturthīcetyeva brūyāt | yasyaiva ca dravyakarmaṇo'ntaraṅgasyābāvenākarmakaḥ, tasyaiva bhāvena sakarmako bhavati ; ato vidyamānamapi kālādikarma nākarmakavyapadeśaṃ vighnayati | anye tvanyathā sādhyasiddhaṃ varṇayanti--uṣṭrāsikā āsyante, hataśāyikāḥ śayyante, yavāgvāḥ pākāya vrajati iti |

Here, by the rule “Not after la, u, uka, alu, ayan, a niṣṭhā affix, an affix having the sense of khal, or tṛn” (Pāṇini 2.3.69), because affixes beginning with *l* express an accomplishable meaning, the genitive is prohibited for the agent and the direct object. However, because the genitive is re-prescribed by rules such as “Optionally in the case of the agent with kṛtya affixes” (Pāṇini 2.3.71), “And after kta in the present tense” (Pāṇini 2.3.67), and “A supplementary addition in the case of the neuter expressing action (bhāva),” it is understood that in one alternative, depending on the speaker's intention (vivakṣā), it denotes an accomplished meaning; thus action expressed by this is both accomplishable and accomplished (sādhyasiddha). And it cannot be said that no prohibition of kṛtya affixes is heard here, because in *khasarthatṛnām*, by *khalartha* the kṛtya, kta, and khalartha affixes, as well as śatṛ, śānac, and cānaś, are included, whereas by *tṛn* only the tṛn affix is meant. For this very reason, just as for action expressed by a niṣṭhā affix, so too for action expressed by a kṛtya affix, the genitive does not occur even for the object, as in: / “Just as the sun has set, just as the moon has risen, / so must slackness of resolve be entered into by the fawn-eyed maiden.” (2.4) / How, then, can there be an affix denoting bhāva from a transitive verb? For that must occur from an intransitive verb, as he says: “Affixes beginning with *l* occur in the sense of the direct object and action (bhāva) from intransitive verbs” (Pāṇini 3.4.69); “Only in those two meanings do kṛtya, kta, and khalartha affixes occur” (Pāṇini 3.4.70). For one never says *kṛtaṃ kaṭaṃ devadattena* [“the mat was made by Devadatta” with the action-noun governing an accusative object]. It is answered: this is not an internal substance-object (dravyakarma); rather, according to the rule “Time, distance, action, and the destination of motion are designated as objects of intransitive verbs,” among external objects such as time, it is an object of a verb of motion characterized as a destination. And that this is external is known from the renewed mention of the accusative in “In continuous connection of time and distance” (Pāṇini 2.3.5); otherwise, since the accusative in the sense of a direct object would already be established, he would only have said “and the dative for an object of a verb of motion.” And it is precisely due to the absence of an internal substance-object that a verb is intransitive, while in the presence of that very [substance-object] it becomes transitive; therefore, an object such as time, even when present, does not impair its designation as intransitive. Others, however, describe the accomplishable-accomplished differently: *uṣṭrāsikā āsyante* (“they sit the sittings of camels”), *hataśāyikāḥ śayyante* (“they lie the lyings of the slain”), *yavāgvāḥ pākāya vrajati* (“he goes for the cooking of barley-gruel”).