Shringaraprakasha 4.p1.5

4.p1.5

abhidhīyate bahvāśritāpi pravivekaikatvena kriyā ; yathā-- brāhmaṇairāsyata iti tasmāttato'nyā | anāvṛttāvāvṛtteḥ , ihayasminnānāvartamāne yadāvartate tattato'nyāt yathā hastino maśakaḥ | āvartate cānāvartamāne kartatari kriyā pañcakṛtvaḥ pacatīti,tasmāttato'nyā, ihobhayorapi saṃśayanirṇayanimittatvāt ; ihobhayossaṃśaye yasya yo nirṇayahetuśca puruṣasya calanādikriyā, tasmāttato'nyā | abhidhāyābhidhānāt, iha yadibhadhāyārthāntarā vivakṣāṃ antareṇa yadabhidhīyate tato'nyate, yathā-- gauraśvaḥ, abhidhīyate ca adhyetā adhīte gantā gacchatīti kārakamabhidhāya kriyā tasmāttato'nyā, paryāyāprasiddheḥ | iha yeṣāmeva paryāyaprasiddhiḥ, teṣāmeva ca tebhyo na bhedaḥ, yathā--nirvartiriti| 4.4. na ca pacannadhīte pacatyadhīta iti pacanūpacatyoḥ paryāyatvam| api pacannadhīta iti kartuḥ pacatīti kriyāyāḥ paryāyayogyatevaṃ ; ato'sau tato'nyaḥ | abhinnaśabdābhithadhāne'pi viśeṣāṇāṃ liṅgavacanabhedāt | iha khalu kriyākartrerabhinnaśabdābhidheyatve'pi tadviśeṣaṇānāṃ liṅgavacanabhedo dṛśyate, yathā--śobhanaṃ pacati śobhanaṃ pacataḥ śobhanaṃ pacantīti sācā'rtho bhede bhinnaśabdopādāna eva dṛśyate| taṭaḥ, taṭī taṭaṃ , puṣyaḥ tārakā nakṣatraṃ, rasaḥ apaḥ jalam, dārāḥ kalatraṃ bhāryā, ityādiviśeṣaṇānām | na tūdāhṛtasadṛśeṣviti kriyā karturanyāḥ | śabdāvṛttibhedeṣudvabhedāt | iṅa khalu kriyākārakayośśabdāvṛttibhede buddhibhedo dṛśyate ; adhyetā paṭhati, paṭhati, gantā, gantā gacchatīti pūrvayovarvīpsottarayorābhūkṣṇayam|

Action, though residing in many, is designated as one in distinction, as in: ‘It is sat by the brāhmaṇas’; therefore, it is different from them. Because of repetition when there is no repetition: here, when one thing does not repeat, that which repeats is different from it, as a mosquito from an elephant. And while the agent does not repeat, action repeats in: ‘He cooks five times’; therefore, it is different from it. Because both are the causes of doubt and determination: here, when there is doubt about both, that which is the cause of determination—such as the action of moving of a person—is different from it. Because of being designated after designating [something else]: here, that which is designated after designating [something], without intending another meaning, is different from it, as: ‘A cow, a horse.’ And action is designated after designating a syntactic role, as in: ‘The reader reads; the goer goes’; therefore, it is different from it. Because of the absence of recognized synonymy: here, only those that are recognized as synonyms have no difference from one another, as *nirvartiḥ* and *kriyā*. And there is no synonymy between *pacan* (‘cooking’) and *pacati* (‘cooks’) in ‘cooking, he reads’ and ‘he cooks, he reads’. Moreover, in ‘cooking, he reads’, there is fitness of synonymy for the agent, and in ‘cooks’, for action; therefore, this is different from that. Because of the difference of gender and number in qualifiers even when designated by an identical word: here indeed, even if the action and the agent were designated by an identical word, a difference of gender and number is seen in their qualifiers, as in: ‘*śobhanaṃ pacati*’ (‘he cooks nicely’), ‘*śobhanaṃ pacataḥ*’ (‘they two cook nicely’), ‘*śobhanaṃ pacanti*’ (‘they cook nicely’). And that is seen only when different words are employed where there is a difference of meaning, in the case of qualifiers such as: ‘*taṭaḥ*’ (masculine bank), ‘*taṭī*’ (feminine bank), ‘*taṭam*’ (neuter bank); ‘*puṣyaḥ*’ (masculine star), ‘*tārakā*’ (feminine star), ‘*nakṣatram*’ (neuter star); ‘*rasaḥ*’ (masculine water), ‘*āpaḥ*’ (feminine water), ‘*jalam*’ (neuter water); ‘*dārāḥ*’ (masculine plural wife), ‘*kalatram*’ (neuter wife), ‘*bhāryā*’ (feminine wife); but not in cases resembling the examples adduced; therefore, action is different from the agent. Because of the difference in cognition upon the difference in repetition of words: here indeed, upon a difference in the repetition of words for action and syntactic role, a difference in cognition is seen: ‘the reader reads, reads; the goer, goer goes’—in the former pair there is pervading repetition (*vīpsā*), in the latter pair there is frequency (*ābhīkṣṇya*).