Shringaraprakasha 4.p1.63

4.p1.63

kḷpi saṃpadyamāne yā caturthī sā vikārataḥ | suvarṇapiṇḍe prakṛtau vacanaṃ kuṇḍalāśrayam | kkacittu prakṛteḥ ; yathā--saṅghībhavanti brāhmaṇaḥ, mahadbhītaścandramā iti | atra yadi prakṛteḥ partṛtvaṃ na vivaśyatetadā vikṛtessaṅghasyaivakartṛtvādbhavantīti bahuvacanaṃ na prāpnoti | mahadbhataḥ ityatra ca mahacchabdasya ca mukhyārthātvādānmahatassamānādhikaraṇajātīyayorityātvaṃ syāt | prakṛtirhi kācidupacaritabikārarūpā, yathā indrasthūṇā upendrā grāva iti | kācitpariṇāminī yathā--dugdhaṃ dadhi pūrvasyā asvāsthāyāḥ pracyutasyottarāmavasthāṃ prāptasya pūrvottarayoravasthayorāśritayossavyāpāravatvāt pūrvasyāvasthāyāṃ kartṛtvavivakṣāyāḥ saṅghamahadādervikāraśabdasya prakṛtyupagrāhiṇo gauṇatvaṃ vijñāyate | taduktaṃ ---- mahattvaṃ saṅghabhāvaṃ ca prakṛtiḥ pratipadyate | bhedenāpekṣitā sā tu gauṇatvasya prasādhikā || iti | yadyevam, atimahatī mahatī saṃpannā mahadbhūtā brāhmaṇīti puvadbhāvo na prāpnoti, arthāśrayaḥ etadevaṃ bhavati | śabdāśrayaśca puvadbhāvaḥ ; yathā go to ṇit, autoṃśasoriti bāhyīke | vartamānasya gośabdasya gostiṣṭhati gāmānayeti vṛddhirātvaṃ ca bhavati | te'mī kriyā ca kālaśca kārakaṃ puruṣastathā | uktāḥ padārthaścatvārassvaissvairbhedaissmanvitāḥ || dravyātmā cāpi kālo yaḥ psaṅgātso'pi kīrtitaḥ | sa hi prāyaḥ brabandheṣu tatra tatropayujyate || kriyāyāṃ kālontarbhavati puruṣaḥ kārakapade | pradhāne sopādhidvayamapi tedatanniviśate | pradhānaṃ taṃ prāhuryamabhidadhate ghañprabhṛtayaḥ | sahopaskārarthairnivasati sa tu prātipadike ||

'With the verb kḷp, when becoming is expressed, the fourth case-ending is used for the modification; / when the gold lump is the base, the grammatical number depends on the earrings.' But in some cases [agency] belongs to the base, as in: 'The brāhmaṇas become an assembly' [saṅghībhavanti brāhmaṇāḥ], 'The moon has become great' [mahadbhūtaś candramāḥ]. Here, if agency were not intended for the base, then because agency would belong solely to the modification, namely 'assembly', the plural in 'bhavanti' would not obtain. And in 'mahadbhūtaḥ', because the word 'mahat' has its primary meaning, lengthening to ā would occur by the rule 'āṅ mahataḥ samānādhikaraṇajātīyayoḥ'. For a base is in some cases a metaphorically transferred modification, as in 'Indra-posts, Upendra-stones'; in some cases it is transformative, as in 'milk [becomes] curd'. Because what has fallen from its former state and reached a subsequent state possesses activity with reference to both the prior and subsequent states, through the intention of agency in the prior state, the secondary nature of the word expressing the modification, such as 'assembly' or 'great', which takes upon itself the base, is understood. Thus it is said: 'The base attains greatness and assembly-status; / but when contemplated as distinct, it establishes the secondary nature.' If so, in 'having been not very great, she became great [and] was enlarged [mahadbhūtā brāhmaṇī]', masculine substitution would not obtain. This would be so if it were based on meaning. But masculine substitution is based on the verbal form, just as the vṛddhi and the lengthening to ā occur by the rules 'go to ṇit' and 'auto'mśasoḥ' for the word 'go' occurring in the sense of the Bāhīka, as in: 'The ox stands', 'Bring the ox.' These four word-meanings—namely action, grammatical tense, syntactic role, and grammatical person—have thus been stated together with their respective distinctions. Grammatical tense, which has the nature of a substance, has also been mentioned incidentally, for it is frequently useful in literary compositions here and there. Grammatical tense is subsumed within action; grammatical person rests in the word denoting the syntactic role. Both of these with their two qualifications enter into the primary entity. They call that entity primary which suffixes such as ghañ express; and that, together with accessory meanings, abides in the nominal stem.