Shringaraprakasha 6.p1.38

6.p1.38

pācakādiśabdānāṃ hi pravṛttinimittaṃ kriyā | abhidheyāstu kartrādayaḥ | kkcitpunaryadevāsya syātpravṛttanibandhanam | tasyaiva vācyatā bhāvapratyayāntapadeṣviva | itīyaṃ leśatastāvannāmnāṃ vṛttirudāhṛtā || ākhyātānāṃ tu vācyorthaḥ purastādupavarṇitaḥ | upasarganipātānāṃ nāmnāmiva vibhāgataḥ || prayogapratipattibhyāmaneko'rtho'vagamyate | upasargavaśāddhāturarthānataravilāsakṛt || vihārāhārasaṃhāraprahāraparihāravat | anvayavayatirekābhyāṃ tadartho'bhyavagamyate || tadāgame tatpratītistadabhāve tadagrahāt | ayamāsya padāsyārtha iti kiṃ cintitena vā || yo'rthaḥ pratīyate yasmātsa tasyārtha iti sthitiḥ || 6.21. vākyārthastridhā, bhāvanā vidhiḥ pratibhā ca | tatrānyotpādānukūlo bhavantaṃ prayuñjānaḥ puruṣavyāpāraḥ karotyartho bhāvanetyucyate | anavacchinnaścānuṣṭhātumaśakya iti sānnidhyātsamānapadopāttaṃ dhātvarthamavacchedakatvenāpekṣate | sa caidanaṃ pacatītyādau samānapadopāttatve'pyayogyatvena sādhyatvātpracyutaḥ karaṇāṃśe'bhinivisamānaḥ pradhānakriyāmodanaphalikāṃ niṣpādayati | karaṇaṃ ca kevalamasādhakatvāt kkacidapi kriyāṃ na niṣpādayadupabdham | atatsatsādhakatamatvasiddhaye kāṣṭhādītikartavyatānupraveśaḥ | phalānupraveśastu taduddeśenaiva bhāvanāyāḥ pravṛtteḥ | ataḥ phalakaraṇetikartavyatāvacchedāt kiṃ kena kathamityapekṣiṇī tryaṃśapirapūrṇā bhāvanā bhavati | tatra devadattaḥ kāṣṭhaiḥ sthālyāmodanaṃ pacatītyādauca audanaṃ phalaṃ, pākaḥ karaṇaṃ, kāṣṭhādikārakacakramitikartavyatā, iti | taduktam --- audane sādhyamāne hi pākaḥ karaṇamiṣyate |

For words like 'cook' (pācaka), the ground for their application is action, while the referents denoted are the agent and so forth. Sometimes, however, whatever is the ground of application for a word is itself what is denoted, as in the case of words ending in an abstract affix. Thus the functioning of nouns has been briefly illustrated. But the denotation of verbs was described earlier. As in the case of nouns, by division into prefixes and particles, multiple meanings are grasped through usage and comprehension. Due to a prefix, a verbal root produces variations of meaning, as in vihāra ('strolling'), āhāra ('eating'), saṃhāra ('destroying'), prahāra ('striking'), and parihāra ('avoiding'). Its meaning is understood through positive and negative concomitance: when it is present, that meaning is cognized; when it is absent, it is not grasped. Or why reflect on this as 'this is the meaning of this word'? The established rule is that whatever meaning is cognized from whatever [word], that is its meaning. (6.21)

Sentence-meaning is threefold: productive operation (bhāvanā), injunction (vidhi), and flash of intuition (pratibhā). Among these, productive operation is said to be the human activity denoted by the verbal root 'to do' (kṛ), which is conducive to the coming into being of something else and engages that which comes to be. And because what is unqualified cannot be performed, it requires, by proximity, the meaning of the verbal root expressed in the same word as its qualifying delimiter. And that root-meaning, in cases like 'he cooks rice' (odanaṃ pacati), although expressed in the same word, falls away from being the end to be accomplished due to unsuitability, and entering the factor of the instrument, accomplishes the principal action whose result is rice. And the instrument, because it cannot accomplish anything by itself, is nowhere observed to bring about an action; therefore, to establish its status as the most effective means, the procedure consisting of firewood and the like enters into it. But the entry of the result occurs because the productive operation proceeds solely for that purpose. Therefore, through delimitation by result, instrument, and procedure, productive operation, expecting 'what?', 'by what?', and 'how?', becomes complete in its three factors. There, in 'Devadatta cooks rice with firewood in a pot', the cooked rice is the result, the act of cooking is the instrument, and the collection of syntactic roles consisting of firewood and so forth is the procedure. Thus it has been said: 'Indeed, when rice is being accomplished, the act of cooking is accepted as the instrument;