Shringaraprakasha 7.p1.66

7.p1.66

haiyaṅgavīnaṃ śrotriyaḥ, ityādiṣu tu saṃjñāśabde hyogodohasya vikāra iti, śrotriyaśchando'dhīta iti, parakṣetre cikitsya iti, prakṛtipratyayavibhāgakalpanayā vyatpattiryathākathaṃciddharmaniyamāya kriyate | evaṃ yāvakādiṣvapi svārthikeṣu pratyayārthasyāvyatirekātprakṛtyantarayoge prātipadikānāṃ ca yāvakādīnāmarthabhedātpratyayāntarayoge prakṛteḥ kalpitāyāmarthavattāyāṃ svārthikatvaṃ vijñāyate | eko dvau bahava ityatra pratyekaṃ vacanāntarābhāvātkarmādiviṣayāvanvayavyatirekāvāśrīyete | sāmānyato dṛṣṭāñcānumānātprakṛtyantaravadekādīnāṃ pravṛttau bhinnarūpaṇi vacanānyasaṅkareṇa vyavasthāṃ prakalpayantīti pratīyate || 7.36. nanvevaṃ sati śabdasyaikārthopakṣayasyārthāntareṇa asambandhādarthasyāpyekaśabdopakṣayasyānyatrāsaṅkrānte kūpasūpayūpādivadevānvayavyatirekau nāvakalpete | na hi ya evaikatvasaṃbandhī sa dvitvādisaṃbandhī, yovā prātipadikatvenārthamātrapravṛttiḥ svaśaktyantarasambandhī na bhavitumarhati | na khalu śabdaḥ kaścidattarakālamarthāntaraṃ parityajatyupādatte vā | taduktam -- "yasya śabdasya na vibhāgo'sti kuto'rthasya bhaviṣyati? vibhāgauḥ prakiyā kriyābhedamaviddhānapratipadyate | " evametat | kintu trividhaḥ śabdo nirvartyo'nvākhyeyaḥ pratipādakaśca | teṣvadharmaheturapabhraṃśo nirvartyaḥ | dhramaheturlokavedayoḥ prayorgauhā'nvākhyeyaḥ | prakṛtipratyayādivibhāgakalpanayā tatsvarūpāvabodhakṛtpratipādakaḥ | tadarthamanvayavyatirekāvavidyamānāvapi vyavasthārthaṃ kalpitau śāstrārthavyavahāranibandhanaṃ sampadyate |

In cases such as *haiyaṅgavīna* ('butter prepared from the previous day's milk') and *śrotriya* ('one learned in the Veda'), however, which are conventional names, grammatical derivation is made somehow or other—as 'a modification of yesterday's cow-milking', or 'a *śrotriya* studies the sacred meter', or 'treatable in another's field'—merely for the sake of religious restriction, through the positing of a division between morphological base and affix. Likewise, even in pleonastic affixes such as *-ka* in *yāvaka* and so forth, because the meaning of the affix is not distinct when conjoined with another base, and because of the difference of meaning in nominal stems such as *yāvaka* when conjoined with another affix, once meaningfulness is posited for the base, its pleonastic nature is recognized. In the expressions 'one', 'two', and 'many', since each lacks a different grammatical number, positive and negative concurrence are resorted to regarding the grammatical roles such as the accusative. And through an inference from general observation, when the operation of *eka* and the rest occurs just like other bases, it is understood that the differing forms of number establish an order without confusion. [Objection:] Now, if this is so, because a word whose capacity is exhausted on one meaning has no relation with another meaning, and because a meaning whose capacity is exhausted on one word cannot transfer elsewhere, positive and negative concurrence cannot be established at all, just as in the case of *kūpa*, *sūpa*, *yūpa*, and so on. For that very base which is connected with singularity cannot be connected with duality and the rest; or that which operates as a bare meaning by virtue of being a nominal stem ought not to be connected with another capacity of its own. Surely no word abandons another meaning or takes it up at a subsequent time. Thus it has been said: 'When a word has no internal division, how will its meaning have one? A division is a pedagogical procedure; an ignorant person understands divisions of action.' [Reply:] This is so. However, linguistic sound is threefold: to be avoided, to be explained, and explanatory. Among them, corrupt speech, which is a cause of demerit, is to be avoided. Speech used in the world and the Veda, which is a cause of religious merit, is to be explained. The explanatory word makes known the true nature of things through the positing of a division into morphological base, affix, and so forth. For that purpose, positive and negative concurrence, even though non-existent [in reality], are posited for the sake of a systematic arrangement and become the foundation for linguistic practice in grammatical science.