Shringaraprakasha 1.p1.14

1.p1.14

*Purā*, *śaśvat*, *iti ha*, *iti kila*, *iti sma*, *iti ha sma*, *yat kila*, and *śaśvat kila* express ancient tradition (purākalpa); as in: "Formerly, Nala used to study" (*nalena sma purādhīyate*); "Thus constantly" (*evaṃ śaśvaditi*); "Thus indeed he did" (*iti ha cakāra*); "Thus, it is heard in the Purāṇas" (*iti kila śrūyate purāṇeṣu*); "Thus formerly said the knowers of the Veda" (*iti sma brahmavādinaḥ pūrve vadanti*); "Thus indeed did the revered Bhāgurāyaṇa" (*iti ha sma tatrabhavān bhāgurāyaṇaḥ*); "Thus here it is heard from teachers that in this cluster of trees the Pāṇḍavas dwelt" (*evam iha gurubhyaḥ śrūyate yat kila iha taruṣaṇḍe pāṇḍavā ūṣuḥ*); "Constantly indeed it was thus" (*śaśvat kila idam itthaṃ babhūva*). In this way others too should be followed according to usage. And these are to be seen in contexts other than reiteration (*anuvāda*) as well.
1.16 In negation (*niṣedha*): *na*, *nañ*, *a*, *an*, *no*, *nakir*, *kim*, and *na hi* express prohibition/negation (*pratiṣedha*); as in: "Not simultaneously of single attributes" (*yugapan naika-dharmāṇām*); "They did not regard Indra as God" (*nendraṃ devam amaṃsata*); "You constantly speak like one without breath" (*śaśvat tvam aprāṇa iva bhāṣase*); "Matchless is your intellect" (*anupamā te buddhiḥ*); "Even equal to him you are not" (*tasya tulyo 'pi no bhavān*); "You shall not go to the village" (*nakir grāmaṃ gamiṣyasi*); "What will you do by having gone?" (*kiṃ gatena kariṣyasi*); "Indeed not, where there is love without motive" (*na hi na hi premānimitte sati*).
*Mā*, *māṅ*, *mā sma*, *mākir*, *alam*, *khalu*, *kṛtam*, and *paryāptam* express prevention (*nivāraṇa*); as in: "Do not do it" (*mā kariṣyasi*); "Do not do [it]" (*mā kārṣīḥ*); "Do not do it" (*mā sma karoḥ*); "May no one perish, may no one be harmed" (*mākir naśan mākir riṣat*); "Enough of doing" (*alaṃ kṛtvā*); "Enough with rashness" (*kṛtaṃ sāhasena*); "Sufficient with fear" (*paryāptaṃ bhayena*).
*Āḥ*, *ī*, *om*, *hum*, *phaṭ*, *dhik*, *khar*, and *are* express repudiation (*apākaraṇa*); as in: "Ah, villain, you are repulsed!" (*āḥ pāpa pratihato 'si*); "Hey, get out of here!" (*ī ito niṣpata*); "Om, wicked soul!" (*oṃ durātman*).
*Aṅga*, *hi*, *aho*, *haṃho*, *e*, *haye*, *are*, *arare* express indignation/envy (*asūyā*); as in: "Well, crying out you will know now, wretch!" (*aṅga kūjan ya idānīṃ jñāsyasi jālma*); "Let him indeed speak! How indeed will he expound?" (*sa hi vyāhāratu kathaṃ hi vyākariṣyati*); "Aha, you will go to an outcaste village!" (*vṛṣalagrāmam aho gamiṣyasi*); "Oho, you will go to the village!" (*haṃho gamiṣyasi grāmam*); "Hey, Devadatta!"; "O fierce wife, stay with your mind!" (*haye jāye manasā tiṣṭha ghore*); "Hey, I am not mad!" (*are nāham unmattaḥ*); "Arare, whence are there Kṣatriyas compared to the great king?" (*arare mahārājaṃ prati kutaḥ kṣatriyāḥ*).
*Katham*, *yat*, *yadi*, *yadā*, *jātu*, *api*, *yac ca*, and *yatra* express censure (*garhaṇā*);