Shringaraprakasha 1.p1.7

1.p1.7

There, by the mention of 'meaningful' [in Pāṇini 1.2.45], nouns and indeclinables are apprehended; but kṛt-affixes, taddhita-affixes, and compounds [are apprehended] by explicit mention [in Pāṇini 1.2.46]. Now, are not these too meaningful? That is true; however, kṛt and taddhita are affixes, and because affixes are excluded [by the term apratyayaḥ], they would not attain the status of a nominal stem; therefore, by the mention of kṛt and taddhita, they are subsumed. But by the mention of compounds, [the author], indicating that the designation 'nominal stem' belongs only to a compound which is a meaningful collection, averts this [designation] from a sentence of that kind. (1.8) There, nouns are those which do not depend on word-etymologies and which denote entities existing as substantial reality. They are of two kinds: having fixed grammatical gender and not having fixed grammatical gender. Among them, those denoting a genus, a substance, or a measure have fixed grammatical gender. There, genus is of two kinds: manifested by form and manifested by instruction. Of the two, the first is such as: gauḥ ('cow'), mṛgaḥ ('deer'), paśuḥ ('animal'), sarpaḥ ('snake'), siṃhaḥ ('lion'), vṛkṣaḥ ('tree'), kumārī ('girl'), kuṇḍam ('pot'), strī ('woman'), pumān ('man'), napuṃsakam ('eunuch'). The second is such as: brāhmaṇaḥ ('brahmin'), gārgyaḥ ('Gārgya'), kaṭhaḥ ('Kaṭha'), kṣatriyaḥ ('warrior'), vaiśyaḥ ('merchant'), śūdraḥ ('servant'), mūrdhābhiṣiktaḥ ('anointed king'), ambaṣṭhaḥ ('Ambaṣṭha'), pāraśavaḥ ('Pāraśava'), sūtaḥ ('charioteer'), vaidehakaḥ ('Vaidehaka'), caṇḍālaḥ ('outcaste'). Substance is of two kinds: relative and non-relative. Of the two, the first is such as: guruḥ ('teacher'), pitā ('father'), putraḥ ('son'), bhrātā ('brother'), jāmātā ('son-in-law'), mitram ('friend'), mātā ('mother'), svasā ('sister'), duhitā ('daughter'), yātā ('husband's brother's wife'), nanāndā ('husband's sister'), bhāryā ('wife'). The second is such as: caitraḥ ('Caitra'), maitraḥ ('Maitra'), indraḥ ('Indra'), upendraḥ ('Upendra'), sūryaḥ ('sun'), kālaḥ ('time'), ākāśaḥ ('ether'), prācī ('east'), pratīcī ('west'), śacī ('Śacī'), lakṣmīḥ ('Lakṣmī'). Measure is of two kinds: definite and indefinite. Of the two, the first is such as: droṇaḥ ('droṇa'), kharī ('kharī'), palam ('pala'), bhāraḥ ('bhāra'), krośaḥ ('krośa'), yojanam ('yojana'), nivartanam ('nivartana'), nalvaḥ ('nalva'), paṇaḥ ('paṇa'), purāṇaḥ ('purāṇa'), gaṇaḥ ('gaṇa'), akṣauhiṇī ('akṣauhiṇī'). The second is such as: saṃghaḥ ('assembly'), pūgaḥ ('guild'), sārthaḥ ('caravan'), samājaḥ ('society'), vargaḥ ('class'), śreṇiḥ ('row/guild'), kuṭumbam ('family'), pariṣat ('assembly'), paṅktiḥ ('line'), yūtham ('herd'), vanam ('forest'), senā ('army'). Adjectives denoting qualities, numbers, and pronouns do not have fixed grammatical gender.