Shringaraprakasha 1.p1.9

1.p1.9

Those possessing no tinge of substance are likewise of six kinds: expecting an action, expecting an action and a substance, adverbial qualifiers of action, qualifiers of an action and a substance, having a form entered into an action, and having a form entered into an action and a substance. There, among the varieties possessing a tinge of substance: those having the nature of substance are such as: svaḥ ('heaven'), divaḥ ('sky'), bhuvaḥ ('atmosphere'), vihāyasā ('sky'), rodasī ('heaven and earth'), āpaḥ ('waters'), bhūḥ ('earth'), ṛcaḥ ('hymns'), śam ('peace'), mahaḥ ('greatness'), tapaḥ ('austerity'), hāhā ('Hāhā'), hūhū ('Hūhū'); those having the nature of quality are such as: śaśvat ('constantly'), āvat ('thus'), nṛvat ('manfully'), kūpat ('well'), kuvat ('badly'), sāmi ('half'), sāci ('crookedly'), drāk ('quickly'), shrāk ('instantly'), jyok ('for a long time'), manāk ('slightly'), īṣat ('a little'); those having the nature of action are such as: namaḥ ('salutation'), svasti ('welfare'), svāhā ('offering to gods'), svadhā ('offering to ancestors'), vaṣaṭ ('vaṣaṭ'), śrauṣaṭ ('śrauṣaṭ'), hanta ('come now'), accha ('towards'), vavaḥ, vave, bhāvaḥ; those having the nature of genus are such as: kam ('water/joy'), śam ('bliss'), yoḥ ('prosperity'), mayaḥ ('delight'), sāyam ('evening'), prātaḥ ('morning'), astam ('setting'), naktam ('night'), divā ('by day'), doṣā ('at night'), hyaḥ ('yesterday'), śvaḥ ('tomorrow'); those having the nature of a proper name are such as: kkip, saḥ, om, svāhā, hnāṃ, hnīṃ, klīṃ, brūṃ, diṅ, hleṅ, ṛṅ, juṅ, duṅ; those having the nature of a relatum are such as: antaḥ ('inside'), antarā ('between'), ūrdhvam ('above'), bahiḥ ('outside'), pāre ('across'), madhye ('in the middle'), samayā ('near'), nikaṣā ('close to'), ārāt ('near/far'), viṣvak ('on all sides'), puraḥ ('in front'), paścāt ('behind'). Among the varieties possessing no tinge of substance: those expecting an action are such as: dvandvam ('in pairs'), yathāyatham ('appropriately'), mithaḥ ('mutually'), anyo'nyam ('one another'), parasparam ('each other'), itaretaram ('mutually'), paroparam ('sequentially'), uttarādharam ('upside down'), adharottaram ('topsy-turvy'); those expecting an action and a substance are such as: sākam ('together with'), sārdham ('along with'), saha ('with'), samam ('equally/with'), amā ('together'), vinā ('without'), ṛte ('except for'), pṛthak ('apart'), nānā ('variously'); adverbial qualifiers of action are such as: abhīkṣṇam ('repeatedly'), alam ('enough'), balavat ('forcefully'), suṣṭhu ('well'), mṛṣā ('falsely'), vṛthā ('in vain'), mithyā ('falsely'), mudhā ('uselessly'), addhā ('truly'), ṛdhak ('separately'), uccaiḥ ('loudly/high'), nīcaiḥ ('lowly'); having a form entered into an action are such as: śaśvat ('perpetually'), sapadi ('immediately'), saṃprati ('now'), purā ('formerly'), asaṃprati ('not now'), sanā ('always'), sāṃpratam ('at present'), jātu ('ever'), bāḍham ('certainly'), phāṇaṭam ('easily'), svayam ('by oneself'), kāmam ('willingly'); having a form entered into an action and a substance are such as: āviḥ ('manifestly'), prāduḥ ('openly'), tiraḥ ('askance'), sākṣāt ('directly'), alam ('sufficient'), prādhvam ('in harness'), sat ('good'), asat ('bad'), dhik ('woe'), hiruk ('apart'), tūṣṇīm ('silently'), joṣam ('silently').