Shringaraprakasha 5.p1.13

5.p1.13

“From the rest, the active voice [is used] in the sense of the agent”; [as in] rajyati vastraṃ svayameva, kuṣyati pādaḥ svayameva, rajyate vastram, kuṣyate pādam. Caused by a modifier is as in: “From kṛ- after anu- and parā-”; “And when preceded by itaretara and anyonya”; [as in] anukaroti, parākaroti, itaretasya vyatilunanti, anyonyasya vyatilunanti. Caused by a modifier's meaning is as in: “From [krīḍ- preceded by] sam- when not meaning creaking”; “From dā- preceded by ā- when not opening the mouth”; “From [sthā- preceded by] ud- when not meaning the action of rising”; “From yuj- preceded by pra- and other [prefixes] beginning with a vowel, when not referring to sacrificial vessels”; [as in] saṃkrīḍanti śakaṭāḥ, vyāghro mukhaṃ vyādadāti, āsanāduttiṣṭhati, yajñapātrāṇi prayunakti. / The connection with both voices caused by the base is as in: “Optionally after [denominatives ending in] yaṅ”; “Or without a prefix”; [as in] lohitāyati, lohitāyate, krāmati, kramate. Caused by the base-meaning is as in: “Optionally from an intransitive [verb]”; “Optionally in prattling”; [as in] uparamati, uparamate, saṃpravadanti mauhūrtāḥ, saṃpravadante mauhūrtāḥ. Caused by the affix-meaning is as in: rajyāti, rajyate, kuṣyati, kuṣyate, according to: “According to the Easterners, śyan [is used] after kuṣ- and rañj-, and the active voice in the reflexive agent.” Caused by a modifier is as in: “Optionally from as- and ūh- after a prefix”; [as in] udasyati, udasyate, samūhati, samūhate. Caused by a modifier's meaning is as in: “Optionally in desiring”; “Optionally when indicated by a co-occurring word”; [as in] the beggar attends upon the brāhmaṇa's family [bhikṣuko brāhmaṇakulamupatiṣṭhati, upatiṣṭhate]; the brāhmaṇa performs his own sacrifice [brāhmaṇaḥ svaṃ yajñaṃ yajati, yajate]. / In this way, other particular adjuncts of the base-meaning are also to be recognized, such as cause, sign, frequent repetition, excessive degree, censure, crookedness, entirety, prior time, serving the purpose of that, and so on. For instance: adhīyāno vasati, pacannāste; he reads again and again [punaḥpunaḥ paṭhati / pāpaṭhyate]; he cooks again and again [punaḥpunaḥ pacati / pāpacyate]; he burns contemptibly [garhitaṃ dahati / dandahyate]; he walks crookedly [kuṭilaṃ krāmati / caṅkramyate]; kanyādarśaṃ varayati; bhuktvā vrajati; bhoktuṃ vrajanti.