Shringaraprakasha 5.p1.2

5.p1.2

The subsequent ones possess motion, as: "Caitra laughs", "Maitra laughs", "the wheel turns", "he wanders from the country." But when [the meaning of] "he makes" (kṛ) is prominent, precisely these have known objects. Among these, the former are without motion, as: when it is said "he sows", "seed" is understood; when it is said "he marries", "maiden" is understood. The subsequent ones possess motion, as: when it is said "he plows", "field" is understood; when it is said "she gives birth", "fetus" is understood. While [the meaning of] "he makes" remains prominent, where [the meaning of] "is" (as) is subordinate and [the meaning of] "becomes" (bhū) is subordinate, precisely these have two objects. Among these, the former are without motion, as: "in a mark, he causes the knower to understand that which possesses the mark", "he wins a hundred horses from Aśvasena." The subsequent ones possess motion, as: "he milks milk from the cow", "he gathers fruits from the tree." Thus, these are six two-factor combinations; furthermore, the three-factor combinations are six. Among these, where [the meaning of] "is" is prominent or [the meaning of] "becomes" is prominent, they have known agents. Among these, the former are without motion, as: when it is said "it burns", "fire" is understood. The subsequent ones possess motion, as: when it is said "it coos", "cuckoo" is understood; when it is said "it neighs", "horse" is understood. Where [the meanings of] "becomes" and "makes" are subordinate, or where [the meanings of] "is" and "makes" are subordinate, they have an abstract state as agent. Among these, the former are without motion, as: "it aches for the thief", "it sickens for the thief", "it makes the thief feverish", "it distresses the thief." The subsequent ones possess motion, as: "it happens that he will cook", "it happened that he cooked", "it might also happen that he might be", "it could also happen that he could be." Where [the meaning of] "is" is prominent and [the meaning of] "makes" is subordinate, or where [the meaning of] "becomes" is prominent and [the meaning of] "makes" is subordinate, they are reflexive agents. Among these, the former are without motion, as: "the cow yields milk by herself", "the cow brings forth [young] by herself", "the girl chooses by herself." The subsequent ones possess motion, as: "the elephant scatters [dust] by itself", "the stick raises itself", "the stick bends itself", "the elephant lets itself be mounted." Where [the meaning of] "is" is prominent with [the meaning of] "makes", or [the meaning of] "becomes" is with [the meaning of] "makes", the actions reside in the agent.