Shringaraprakasha 8.p1.11

8.p1.11

When the verbal ending expresses causal capacity, and the case endings express the capacities of object, agent, source, and locus, for example: / 'He caused the bridge to be built by the monkeys in the salt ocean, / like Śeṣa emerging from Rasātala for the sleep of the wielder of the Śārṅga bow.' / In 'for sleep' (svapnāya), there is a genitive sense of agency, not of relation; and the dative case expresses merely the action itself, not purpose. / When the agent is expressed by a finite verb, the object by a kṛt-affix through a secondary nominal derivative, and the expressed and unexpressed objects by nominal case endings, the semantic capacity is illustrated thus: / 'Indeed, without completely rendering the adversary powerless, stability is hard to attain; / without turning the dust into mud, water does not stay.' / An example involving a case ending expressing relation is: / 'He who has wealth, has friends; he who has wealth, has kinsmen; / he who has wealth is a real man in the world; and he who has wealth is wise.' / An example involving a case ending of residual relation is: / 'Among beings, living creatures are the best; among living creatures, those living by intellect; / among the intelligent, humans are the best; among humans, those who proclaim the Veda.' / An example involving a case ending conditioned by an adjoining word is: / 'Salutation to Śambhu, who is charming with the chowrie of the moon kissing his lofty head, / the foundational pillar for the beginning of the city of the three worlds.' / And an example involving the vocative case ending is: / 'O Inner Self of earth, wind, fire, ether, and water! O Sun! O Moon! O Universe! O Sole Womb of the Universe! / O Hara, Bhava, Śiva, Śarva, Tryambaka, Īśāna, Rudra, Trinayana, Vṛṣaketu, Infinite Form! Salutation to You!' / An example consisting of both semantic and inflectional capacities through syntactic role endings, relational endings, adjoining word endings, residual endings, and vocative endings is: / 'At sacred sites, who except you has the power to give ceaselessly / to the best of the twice-born wealth not grasped by hostile people, which has the name of absorption?' / Where capacities shine forth even when case endings are elided, and case endings are also directly perceived, that too consists of semantic and inflectional capacities. / For example: / 'Whose enemies are terrified, whom people desire, to whom feudatories have surrendered, who has borne fortitude, / who is established in the sacrificial session of steadfast duty, who has conquered the earth—who here is like you?'