འཕགས་པ་ཚ་དང་ཡ་ཤས་དཔག་ཏ་མད་པའ་སྙང་པ་ཞས་བྱ་བའ་གཟངས intro.6

intro.6

The Tibetan translation that survives to this day in the Kangyur dates to the eleventh century ce, but the text must have been in circulation in India considerably earlier, since a Chinese translation (Taishō 370) had been completed by an unknown translator during the Liang dynasty in the early half of the sixth century.⁴ The Tibetan translation was made by the Indian preceptor Puṇya­sambhava and the Tibetan Lotsāwa Patsap Nyima Drak (b. 1055). Almost nothing is known of Puṇya­sambhava, while Patsap Lotsāwa was responsible not only for bringing to Tibet the philosophical works for which he is best known, but also for introducing new lineages of a few tantric practices from Kashmir, where he studied for twenty-three years.