སྟང་ཆན་མ་རབ་ཏ་འཇམས་པ་ཞས་བྱ་བའ་མད notes.22

notes.22

22. The term kākhorda is rendered by the Tibetan as byad or byad stem (Negi). In indigenous Tibetan literature byad ka is a general term for “malevolent sorcery.” According to Sanderson (2004), pp 290–292, kākhorda is a Mahāyāna Buddhist variant of the word khārkhoda. Sanderson remarks that in the case of Kṣemarāja’s commentary to the Śaiva Netratantra, the term specifically denotes a yantra, or some other “supernatural device employed by an enemy for such effects as killing or expulsion.” The term might also refer, according to Sanderson, to a class of supernatural beings associated with such harmful sorcery. The occurrence of this term with the term vetāḍa, a variant of vetāla, suggests that kākhorda refers here to a class of pernicious spirits.