གསང་སྔགས་ཆན་པ་རྗས་ས་འཛན་པའ་མད notes.9
Great Upholder of the Secret Mantra notes.9
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notes.9
9. The commentary (gsang sngags chen mo rjes su ’dzin ma’i mdo’i ’bum ’grel, 263b–264a) reads: “The ‘path of the four great kings’ is the four great kings themselves…and those guarded by the four great kings. ‘Those not on the path” refers to the sons of the great kings. These four entities garner petty lords and retinues, enacting violence against beings. Who are they? They cause harm in the east, south, west, and north, such that the 80,000 types of obstructers are also included within these four.”