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Toh 941 intro.4

The Quintessence of “The Stem Array” intro.4

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intro.4

The text lacks both a Sanskrit title and a translator’s colophon. In South Asia, the text was transmitted within collections such as the Compendium of Dhāraṇīs (Dhāraṇī­saṃgraha),³ but it is also embedded into some ritual manuals such as the corpus of “rituals for beginners” (ādikarmika, las dang po pa) texts, in our case the Ādikarmāvatāra by Mañjukīrti,⁴ the Ādikarmavidhi by Tatakaragupta,⁵ and the *Bodhipaddhati by Abhayākaragupta.⁶