འཕགས་པ་དགངས་པ་ངས་པར་འགྲལ་པ་ཞས་བྱ་བ་ཐག་པ་ཆན་པའ་མད 32

32

peaceful from the beginning, and naturally in nirvāṇa.'

"Paramārthasamudgata, having in mind these three aspects of the naturelessness (niḥsvabhāvatā) of things—namely, the naturelessness of lakṣaṇa (lakṣaṇa-niḥsvabhāvatā), the naturelessness of arising (utpatti-niḥsvabhāvatā), and the ultimate naturelessness (paramārtha-niḥsvabhāvatā)—I taught that all things are without self-nature.

"Paramārthasamudgata, in that regard, what is the naturelessness of lakṣaṇa of things? It is whatever is the imputed lakṣaṇa (parikalpita-lakṣaṇa). Why is that? Because it is a lakṣaṇa established by names and conventions, and does not subsist by its own svalakṣaṇa; therefore it is called the 'naturelessness of lakṣaṇa.'

"Paramārthasamudgata, what is the naturelessness of arising of things? It is whatever is the other-dependent lakṣaṇa (paratantra-lakṣaṇa) of things. Why is that? Because it arises through the power of other conditions, not by itself; therefore it is called the 'naturelessness of arising.'

"Paramārthasamudgata, what is the ultimate naturelessness of things? Those dependently originated phenomena that are natureless through the naturelessness of arising are also natureless through the ultimate naturelessness. Why is that? Paramārthasamudgata, whatever is the purified ālambana in phenomena, that I have taught to be the ultimate (paramārtha), and that other-dependent lakṣaṇa is not the purified ālambana; therefore it is called the 'ultimate naturelessness.'

"Furthermore, Paramārthasamudgata, whatever is the consummate lakṣaṇa (pariniṣpanna-lakṣaṇa) of things is also called the 'ultimate naturelessness.' Why is that? Paramārthasamudgata, the selflessness of phenomena (dharmanairātmya) that belongs to things is called their 'naturelessness.' That is