分別功德論 1.24

1.24

戒如金剛者，大乘戒也。戒如坏瓶者，小乘戒。何者？金剛者不可沮壞。昔者菩薩比丘端正無比，出行乞食，路遇一端正女人。女視菩薩便起欲意，願為夫婦。覆自思惟：「此同叵得。但共坐者，我便發無上意。」菩薩知女心，便前共坐。有頃便前牽之，比丘默然不答。復重近之，如故寂然。比丘即與說空法：「眼本從何來？去至何所？欲言從父母來耶？未會之時亦無此眼。至後壞時，復到何所？以是言之，眼無所有。五情亦然。」豁然解空，得須陀洹。應與說有乃更說空，菩薩法當入有而說空，是以不全本意。阿難時見此比丘與女坐，犯比丘儀。即還白佛：「向見比丘與女人共坐。」佛以先知便默然。比丘知阿難白世尊，曰：「念我正不往，恐誹謗者墮罪。」正欲現變，佛所不許，直飛至佛所。佛語阿難：「向所見犯律比丘者，今此飛來比丘是。汝頗見犯欲人能飛不也？此比丘向者與女人共坐，時以女人心念：『是比丘與我共坐者，我當發無上意。』此比丘知女人意，便與共坐。即與說空法，分別眼空，五情亦爾。女即恐畏，便得道迹。以其恐懼心生，畏生死故得小乘。若此比丘向者與說有行者，還成本心。」以此事知，是菩薩未成不退，於觀人心未盡善也，所謂金剛戒也。

"Morality like a diamond" refers to the morality of the Great Vehicle. "Morality like an unbaked pot" refers to the morality of the Lesser Vehicle. Why is this? A diamond cannot be destroyed. In the past, there was a bodhisattva-monk who was incomparably handsome. When he went out begging for food, he met a beautiful woman on the road. Seeing the bodhisattva, the woman was seized with lustful desire and wished to become his wife. She then reflected further: "This is impossible to obtain. But if he would merely sit with me, I will generate the unsurpassed intention [for awakening]." Knowing the woman's thought, the bodhisattva went forward and sat with her. After a while she came forward and pulled at him, but the monk remained silent and did not respond. She drew near to him again, but as before he remained tranquil. The monk then explained the teaching of emptiness to her: "From where did the eye originally come, and where will it go? If you want to say it came from your parents, before their union this eye did not exist. When it is later destroyed, where will it go again? For this reason, the eye is completely non-existent. The five sense organs are also like this." She suddenly understood emptiness and attained stream-entry (srotāpanna). He should have spoken to her of existence, yet instead spoke of emptiness; the bodhisattva method is to enter existence and speak of emptiness, and so her original intention was not completely realized. Ānanda at that time saw this monk sitting with the woman, which violated the decorum of a monk. He immediately returned and reported to the Buddha: "Just now I saw a monk sitting with a woman." Since the Buddha already knew, he remained silent. The monk knew that Ānanda had informed the World-Honoured One, and said: "I reflect that if I do not go, I fear those who slandered me will fall into guilt." He wanted to display miraculous transformations, but the Buddha did not permit it; he simply flew straight to the Buddha's place. The Buddha said to Ānanda: "The monk whom you just saw violating the Vinaya is this monk who has now flown here. Have you ever seen someone who has committed lustful transgression able to fly? Just now when this monk sat with the woman, the woman thought: 'If this monk sits with me, I shall generate the unsurpassed intention.' Knowing the woman's thought, this monk sat with her. He then explained the teaching of emptiness to her, analyzing the emptiness of the eye, and the five sense organs are also like this. The woman then became terrified, and thereby attained the path-trace (srotāpanna). Because fearful thoughts arose in her and she feared birth and death, she attained the Lesser Vehicle. If this monk had previously spoken to her of practices concerning existence, she would have fulfilled her original intention." From this matter it is known that this bodhisattva had not yet reached non-retrogression and was not yet fully skilled in observing the minds of others; this is what is called diamond-like morality.