大方便佛報恩經 6.99

6.99

答曰：「不得。佛本制戒，各有限齊。若受五戒，必盡形壽；若受八戒，必一日一夜受，是故不得。夫白四羯磨戒有上中下：五戒是下品戒，十戒是中品戒，具戒是上品戒。入五戒中亦有三品：若微品心受戒，得微品戒；若中品心受戒，得中品戒；若上品心受戒，得上品戒。十戒、具戒亦各三品，如五戒說。若微品心得戒已後，以上中品心受十戒者，先得五戒，更無增無勝。於五戒外，乃至不非時食等殘餘五戒，得增上五戒。先得五戒，得本微品也，即先微品五戒。以中上品心受具足戒，先得五戒，更無增無勝。仍本五戒，自五戒外一切諸戒，以受具戒時心增上故，得增上戒。以是推之，波羅提木叉戒無有重得。以次第而言，五戒是微品，十戒是中品，具戒是上品。以義而推，亦可以上品心得五戒，是上品戒；中品心得十戒，是中品戒；下品心得具戒，是下品戒。以是義故，隨心有上中下，得戒不同，無定限也。若請和上受十戒時，和上不現前，亦得十戒。若受十戒時，和上死者，若聞知死，受戒不得；若不聞死，受戒得戒。若白四羯磨，受戒和上不現前，不得受戒，以僧數不滿故。若僧數滿，設無和上，亦得受戒。」

[The Buddha] replied: "They cannot. When the Buddha originally established the precepts, each had a definite limit. If one receives the five precepts, it must be for the duration of one's life; if one receives the eight precepts, it must be received for one day and one night; therefore, one cannot. Now, the precepts of a motion and three proclamations have superior, middling, and inferior: the five precepts are inferior-grade precepts, the ten precepts are middling-grade precepts, and the complete precepts are superior-grade precepts. Entering into the five precepts also has three grades: if one receives the precepts with an inferior-grade mind, one obtains inferior-grade precepts; if one receives the precepts with a middling-grade mind, one obtains middling-grade precepts; if one receives the precepts with a superior-grade mind, one obtains superior-grade precepts. The ten precepts and complete precepts also each have three grades, as explained for the five precepts. If after obtaining the precepts with an inferior-grade mind one receives the ten precepts with a middling- or superior-grade mind, the five precepts previously obtained have no further increase or superiority. Beyond the five precepts, up to the remaining five precepts such as not eating at improper times, one obtains the elevated five precepts. The previously obtained five precepts retain their original inferior grade; that is, the prior inferior-grade five precepts. If with a middling- or superior-grade mind one receives the complete precepts, the previously obtained five precepts have no further increase or superiority. They remain the original five precepts; all the precepts beyond the five precepts, because the mind was elevated at the time of receiving the complete precepts, are obtained as elevated precepts. Inferring from this, prātimokṣa precepts are not obtained twice. In terms of sequence, the five precepts are the inferior grade, the ten precepts are the middling grade, and the complete precepts are the superior grade. Inferring by principle, one may also obtain the five precepts with a superior-grade mind, which are superior-grade precepts; obtain the ten precepts with a middling-grade mind, which are middling-grade precepts; or obtain the complete precepts with an inferior-grade mind, which are inferior-grade precepts. By this principle, following the mind there are superior, middling, and inferior; obtaining the precepts differs, with no fixed limit. If, when requesting an upādhyāya to receive the ten precepts, the upādhyāya is not present, one still obtains the ten precepts. If, when receiving the ten precepts, the upādhyāya dies, if one hears of and knows of the death, one does not obtain the precepts; if one does not hear of the death, one receives the precepts and obtains them. In the case of a motion and three proclamations, if the upādhyāya from whom one receives the precepts is not present, one cannot receive the precepts, because the quorum of the saṃgha is incomplete. If the quorum of the saṃgha is complete, even if there is no upādhyāya, one still obtains the precepts."