釋摩訶衍論 1.17

1.17

論曰：五十一者，別因果故、表功德故、引行者故。金剛契經中作如是說：佛告佛子：「我當為汝，無礙言詞宣說開示五十因藏及一果藏。」故或有十藏。云何為十？一者唯立一藏總攝諸法，謂法界法輪藏。圓滿契經中作如是說：一切眾生所有言音，莫非如來法輪聲攝故。二者立二藏總攝諸法，謂聲聞藏及菩薩藏。總持契經中作如是說：法門雖無邊，不出二種藏故。三者立三藏總攝諸法，謂加如來藏。光明契經中作如是說：過於恒沙一切諸佛，唯當宣說聲聞法藏、菩薩法藏、如來法藏，更無餘道故。四者立四藏總攝諸法，謂加補特伽羅藏。道品契經中作如是說：佛子諦聽，為汝解說。仁藏義藏禮藏智藏及與信藏，并聲聞藏及菩薩藏、大覺法藏。所以者何？一切行者漸次轉勝次第之法故。五者立五藏總攝諸法，謂加天藏。天子契經中作如是說：佛告耶論：「不可言說清淨報空，我為大眾廣大宣說淨藏、人藏并二乘藏、一切諸佛大覺法藏故。」六者立六藏總攝諸法，謂加捺落迦藏。怖畏契經中作如是說：我不動坐分別宣說八萬四千捺落迦藏，如前所說五種藏故。七者立七藏總攝諸法，謂加摩羅鳩多耶藏。班母契經中作如是說：我今實言為班母等一億七萬三千大眾，分別宣說五萬一千三百二種鬼神道藏，如前所說六種藏故。八者立八藏總攝諸法，謂加鍵婆陀那跋藏。龍王契經中作如是說：難陀龍王發八千問問於如來，佛開十億傍生道藏，如前所說七種藏故。九者立九藏總攝諸法，謂加器世界藏。世界契經中作如是說：爾時世尊告樹神言：「善哉善哉，如汝所說。若欲聞者，我今為汝分別演說所依止藏，如前所說八種藏故。」十者立十藏總攝諸法，謂加雜亂藏。音聲契經中作如是說：我今開示八種雜藏，如前所說九種藏故。是名為十。如是諸藏總攝十億八千法藏。根本三藏或攝十藏。云何為三？一者素呾㘕藏、二者毘捺耶藏、三者阿毘達磨藏，是名為三。摩訶衍論或諸藏攝，或唯阿毘達磨藏攝，是故頌曰或通或別。通謂總通，別謂簡別。持其行法隨應不失，所以立名曰藏焉也。

The treatise says: 'Fifty-one' is due to distinguishing causes and effects, manifesting merits, and guiding practitioners. In the Vajra Sūtra it is said: The Buddha told the sons of the Buddha: 'With unhindered speech I shall explain and disclose for you fifty causal piṭakas and one fruition piṭaka.' Therefore, there are also ten piṭakas. What are the ten? First, establishing only one piṭaka to subsume all dharmas in general, namely the Dharmadhātu Dharmacakra Piṭaka. In the Paripūrṇa Sūtra it is said: 'Of all sounds spoken by all sentient beings, none are not subsumed under the Tathāgata's sound of the wheel of Dharma.' Second, establishing two piṭakas to subsume all dharmas in general, namely the Śrāvakapiṭaka and the Bodhisattvapiṭaka. In the Dhāraṇī Sūtra it is said: 'Although the Dharma-gates are boundless, they do not exceed two kinds of piṭakas.' Third, establishing three piṭakas to subsume all dharmas in general, namely by adding the Tathāgatapiṭaka. In the Prabhā Sūtra it is said: 'All the Buddhas exceeding the sands of the Ganges will preach only the Śrāvaka-dharmapiṭaka, the Bodhisattva-dharmapiṭaka, and the Tathāgata-dharmapiṭaka, and no other path.' Fourth, establishing four piṭakas to subsume all dharmas in general, namely by adding the Pudgalapiṭaka. In the Bodhipakṣa Sūtra it is said: 'Sons of the Buddha, listen attentively, I shall explain for you: the piṭaka of benevolence, the piṭaka of righteousness, the piṭaka of propriety, the piṭaka of wisdom, and the piṭaka of faith, together with the Śrāvakapiṭaka, the Bodhisattvapiṭaka, and the Dharma-piṭaka of Great Awakening. Why is this? Because it is the sequential Dharma of gradual advancement for all practitioners.' Fifth, establishing five piṭakas to subsume all dharmas in general, namely by adding the Devapiṭaka. In the Devaputra Sūtra it is said: The Buddha said to Yelun: 'The empty nature of the ineffably pure recompense—I broadly expound for the great assembly the pure piṭaka, the human piṭaka, together with the two vehicles' piṭaka, and the Dharma-piṭaka of Great Awakening of all Buddhas.' Sixth, establishing six piṭakas to subsume all dharmas in general, namely by adding the Naraka Piṭaka. In the Bhaya Sūtra it is said: 'Without moving from my seat, I analytically explain the eighty-four thousand naraka piṭakas, alongside the five kinds of piṭakas previously explained.' Seventh, establishing seven piṭakas to subsume all dharmas in general, namely by adding the Marakuṭāya Piṭaka. In the Banmu Sūtra it is said: 'I now truthfully explain for the great assembly of one hundred million seventy-three thousand, including Banmu and others, the fifty-one thousand three hundred and two kinds of ghost and spirit destiny piṭakas, alongside the six kinds of piṭakas previously explained.' Eighth, establishing eight piṭakas to subsume all dharmas in general, namely by adding the Gandhādanavat Piṭaka. In the Nāgarāja Sūtra it is said: 'Nanda the Nāgarāja raised eight thousand questions to ask the Tathāgata, and the Buddha unfolded one billion animal destiny piṭakas, alongside the seven kinds of piṭakas previously explained.' Ninth, establishing nine piṭakas to subsume all dharmas in general, namely by adding the Bhājanajagat Piṭaka. In the Lokadhātu Sūtra it is said: 'At that time the World-Honoured One addressed the tree deity, saying: "Excellent, excellent, as you have spoken! If you wish to hear, I shall now explain for you the piṭaka of the basis of support, alongside the eight kinds of piṭakas previously explained."' Tenth, establishing ten piṭakas to subsume all dharmas in general, namely by adding the Saṃkīrṇa Piṭaka. In the Śabda Sūtra it is said: 'I now disclose eight kinds of miscellaneous piṭakas, alongside the nine kinds of piṭakas previously explained.' These are called the ten. Such piṭakas subsume in total one billion and eight thousand Dharma-piṭakas. The fundamental three piṭakas alternatively subsume the ten piṭakas. What are the three? First, the Sūtrapiṭaka; second, the Vinayapiṭaka; third, the Abhidharmapiṭaka. These are called the three. The Mahāyāna treatise is either subsumed under all piṭakas, or subsumed exclusively under the Abhidharmapiṭaka; therefore the verse says: 'either comprehensive or specific.' 'Comprehensive' means universally comprehensive; 'specific' means selective. Holding to the dharmas of practice in accordance with requirements without losing them, it is therefore named 'piṭaka.'