釋摩訶衍論 1.82

1.82

論曰：眾有四種。云何為四？一者一切如來眾、二者一切菩薩眾、三者一切聲聞眾、四者一切緣覺眾，是名為四眾。生有四種。云何為四？一者卵生、二者胎生、三者濕生、四者化生，是名為四生。過數故眾，受生故生。是一法界心，彼八處中周遍圓滿，不可分析不可離散，唯是一體唯是一相。以四種眾攝諸聖盡，以四種生攝諸凡盡，馬鳴論師為顯一心廣大圓滿，名為眾生。順理契經中作如是說：爾時世尊放大光明顯神力已，告佛子言：「諦聽諦聽，善思念之，我當為汝分別解說一法界藏。善男子！一法界藏者，所謂遍於諸如來眾、諸菩薩眾、諸聲聞眾、諸緣覺眾及諸異生，無所不通、無所不至、無所不當，是故名為一法界藏。」今攝此文故名眾生。馬鳴菩薩六萬嗢拕南本藏論中，開十種門別釋散說，今略攝故唯言眾生。已說本法所依決定門。是心即攝一切世間法出世間法者，即是根本攝末分際門。其相云何？頌曰：

The treatise explains: There are four kinds of multitudes (saṃgha). What are the four? First, the multitude of all Tathāgatas; second, the multitude of all bodhisattvas; third, the multitude of all śrāvakas; fourth, the multitude of all pratyekabuddhas. These are called the four multitudes. There are four kinds of births (yoni). What are the four? First, egg-born; second, womb-born; third, moisture-born; fourth, spontaneously born. These are called the four kinds of births. Because they exceed countable numbers, they are called 'multitudes' (zhòng); because they receive birth, they are called 'born' (shēng). This mind of the single dharmadhātu is completely pervasive and perfect throughout those eight places; it cannot be analysed and cannot be dispersed, being only of one substance and only of one characteristic. Since the four kinds of multitudes subsume all noble beings completely, and the four kinds of births subsume all ordinary beings completely, the treatise master Aśvaghoṣa, in order to reveal the vastness and perfection of the one mind, named it 'sentient beings' (zhòngshēng). The Conformity with Principle Sūtra (Shunli qijing) states: 'At that time, the World-Honoured One, having emitted a great light and manifested his spiritual power, addressed the Buddha-sons, saying: "Listen attentively, listen attentively, and reflect on it well! I shall now analyse and explain for you the receptacle of the single dharmadhātu. Good sons! The receptacle of the single dharmadhātu is that which is pervasive throughout all multitudes of Tathāgatas, all multitudes of bodhisattvas, all multitudes of śrāvakas, all multitudes of pratyekabuddhas, and all ordinary beings; there is nowhere it does not penetrate, nowhere it does not reach, and nowhere it is not present. Therefore it is called the receptacle of the single dharmadhātu."' Now, subsuming this passage, it is named 'sentient beings'. In Bodhisattva Aśvaghoṣa's Treatise on the Fundamental Store (Ben cang lun) in sixty thousand verses (udāna), he opened ten gates to explain and expound [them] separately; here, for brevity, he merely says 'sentient beings'. The gateway of the definitive basis of the root phenomenon has been explained. 'This mind subsumes all worldly and supramundane dharmas' is the gateway of the fundamental subsuming the limits of the branches. What is its characteristic? The verse says: