大般若波羅蜜多經般若理趣分述讚 2.19

2.19

讚曰：自下第五、教所被機。然此經中實通凡聖，如下經云「金剛手等諸大菩薩及餘天眾，聞佛所說信受奉行。」金剛手等，聖人眾也。餘天等者，凡夫眾也。故知此會凡聖兩集。又準化處在他化宮，顯居化土。理然天宮非是淨土。若準十地諸大菩薩者，即應化處不說天宮，由此人處影顯可知。處說天宮，彰凡夫皆居穢土；眾標菩薩，明大士咸處淨方。然則教迹幽深非愚所測，故乃但題菩薩應此通機。化處舉勝而說天宮，聽眾標尊但言菩薩，理兼通也。又法門仲邃但被一乘之人，玄宗寥廓遂隔二乘之眾也。此被機中，文勢有四：一舉數、二陳德、三列名、四彰軌。此舉數也。與者，兼并及會之義。十萬為億，八十億者八百萬也。所言大者略有四義：一數大，八百萬菩薩會集聽法故。二德大，皆具總持等諸大功德故。三業大，竝具妙辯才說法利生故。四名大，如金剛手等十地滿名故。菩薩俱者，顯教深妙唯被上機，欲令有情得希有法，精勤渴仰信受奉行故。

The Commentary says: Below, this is fifth, the faculties reached by the teaching. Now, in this sūtra, [the audience] actually encompasses both ordinary beings and noble ones, as a later section of the sūtra states: 'Vajrapāṇi and the other great bodhisattvas, as well as the host of gods and others, upon hearing what the Buddha spoke, faithfully accepted and carried it out.' Vajrapāṇi and the others are the assembly of noble ones; the host of gods and others are the assembly of ordinary beings. Thus we know that in this gathering, both ordinary beings and noble ones assembled together. Furthermore, based on the place of transformation being in the Palace of Paranirmitavaśavartin, it shows that he resides in a transformation land. In principle, a heavenly palace is not a pure land. If one judges by the great bodhisattvas of the ten grounds, then the place of transformation should not be described as a heavenly palace; from this, both the persons and the place can be known by mutual implication. Describing the place as a heavenly palace reveals that ordinary beings all dwell in an impure land; designating the assembly as bodhisattvas clarifies that the great beings all dwell in a pure realm. Yet the traces of the teaching are profound and obscure, beyond the fathoming of the foolish; thus it merely mentions bodhisattvas to correspond to this shared faculty. For the place of transformation, it selects the superior and speaks of a heavenly palace; for the listening assembly, it designates the venerable and speaks only of bodhisattvas: in principle, both are encompassed. Furthermore, the dharma gate is profound and only reaches persons of the One Vehicle, and the profound doctrine is vast, thus shutting out the assembly of the two vehicles. Within this section on the faculties reached, the textual movement has four parts: first, citing the number; second, detailing the virtues; third, listing the names; and fourth, displaying the deportment. This [sentence] cites the number. 'Together with' (yǔ) has the meaning of combining, uniting, and assembling. One hundred thousand is an yì; eighty yì is eight million. As for the term 'great' (mahā), it has roughly four meanings: first, greatness in number, because an assembly of eight million bodhisattvas gathered to hear the Dharma; second, greatness in virtue, because all possess the great virtues such as dhāraṇīs; third, greatness in action, because all are fully endowed with marvelous eloquence to expound the Dharma and benefit sentient beings; fourth, greatness in renown, because they have full renown on the ten grounds, such as Vajrapāṇi and the others. 'Bodhisattvas together' reveals that the teaching is profound and wondrous, reaching only superior faculties, desiring to enable sentient beings to attain the rare Dharma, so that with diligence and thirsting reverence they may faithfully accept and carry it out.