大般若波羅蜜多經般若理趣分述讚 2.51

2.51

讚曰：此一法門即是四諦。為二乘者差別安立，故名世俗。苦者逼迫、不安穩、不可樂義，即有漏法一切皆是。一切有情及器世界並是苦故，煩惱業苦並是苦故。果苦有三或說有八。三謂行苦、苦苦、壞苦。八謂生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦、怨憎會苦、愛別離苦、求不得苦，略攝一切五取蘊苦。生苦有二因：一眾苦所逼、二餘苦所依。謂於母胎生熟藏間，具受種種極不淨物所逼迫苦。正出胎時，復受支體逼切大苦。由有生故，老病死等眾苦隨逐。老苦者，時分變壞苦故云云。病苦者，大種變異苦故云云。死苦者，壽命變壞苦故云云。餘苦可解。各各應知以古來說。諦者實義。苦真是苦，更無異苦，故名為諦。凡夫不知，唯聖所識。聖者之諦，故名聖諦。集者因義，謂煩惱業能集生苦故。苦攝有漏，集除苦果。滅者擇滅，即是涅槃，此有四種。道謂聖道，通運路逕所由之義，即諸聖行無漏有為。初二有漏，後二無漏。此四妙理體一真如，由依詮別以分四種，故性清淨。

Commentary: This one dharma gate is the four truths. Because they are differentially established for those of the two vehicles, they are called conventional. Suffering means oppression, lack of security, and unpleasantness; all phenomena with effluents are entirely this. Sentient beings and the container world are all suffering, and defilements, karma, and suffering are all suffering. As fruit, suffering has three kinds, or is said to have eight kinds. The three are the suffering of conditioning, the suffering of suffering, and the suffering of change. The eight are the suffering of birth, the suffering of old age, the suffering of illness, the suffering of death, the suffering of encountering what one hates, the suffering of separation from what one loves, the suffering of not getting what one seeks, and, summarily subsuming all, the suffering of the five appropriated aggregates. The suffering of birth has two causes: first, oppression by manifold sufferings; second, being the support for the remaining sufferings. That is, between the receptacle of digestion and the receptacle of gestation in the mother's womb, one fully undergoes the suffering of oppression by various extremely impure things. When just emerging from the womb, one further undergoes the great suffering of limbs being pressed and cut. Because there is birth, manifold sufferings such as old age, illness, and death follow along. The suffering of old age is the suffering of deterioration through the passage of time, and so forth. The suffering of illness is the suffering of alteration of the primary elements, and so forth. The suffering of death is the suffering of deterioration of life-span, and so forth. The remaining sufferings can be understood. Each should be understood according to ancient explanations. 'Truth' means real. Suffering is truly suffering, and there is no other suffering; hence it is called truth. Ordinary beings do not know it; only noble ones recognize it. Being the truth of the noble ones, it is called a noble truth. Origination means cause; that is, defilements and karma can accumulate and give rise to suffering. Suffering encompasses what has effluents; origination excludes the fruit of suffering. Cessation is analytical cessation, which is nirvāṇa; this has four kinds. The path refers to the noble path, having the sense of a pathway of traversal; that is, the unconditioned and conditioned noble practices without effluents. The first two are with effluents, and the latter two are without effluents. The wondrous principle of these four is in substance one true suchness; because it is divided into four kinds based on distinct expressions, its nature is pure.