金剛經纂要刊定記 4.40

4.40

Answer: "Speaking comprehensively of the three realms, they do not exceed five factors, namely: desire, form, perception, non-perception, and neither-perception-nor-non-perception. However, 'neither-perception-nor-non-perception' is confined specifically to the single heaven of the Peak of Existence. Although one heaven in the form realm is named 'Non-perception', because it is generally categorized as the form realm according to the majority [of its heavens], only the Sphere of Nothingness is designated as 'non-perception'. As for the other three factors, from the spheres of Space and Consciousness down to the realm of desire, their presence, absence, breadth, and narrowness differ in relation to each other. That is to say: the desire realm possesses all three; the form realm lacks desire; the formless realm has perception alone and lacks form and desire, and so the designation 'with perception' is established for it. Although the form realm has perception, lest it be confused with the name of the higher [realm], the designation 'with form' is established. Although the desire realm combines both form and perception, since the higher [realms] have already taken these two names, it is named simply the 'desire realm' to distinguish it from them. The lowest necessarily possesses what the highest has, but the highest does not include what the lowest has. Therefore, the principle for establishing names lies precisely in this. It is like three men: one understands the sūtras, vinaya, and abhidharma; one understands the sūtras and vinaya; and one understands only the vinaya. How their titles are established by way of distinction can be known accordingly. Furthermore, in the desire realm, the objects of the three desires and five sublime desires are prominent; in the form realm, subtle and sublime form is prominent; and in the formless realm, the mind of perception is prominent. For this reason, desire is found only in the desire realm, form extends through two realms, perception pervades all three realms, non-perception extends through the upper two realms, and neither-perception-nor-non-perception is confined to the highest realm alone. This, then, differs from the explanation of Guṇaprabha."