仁王般若經疏 3.11

3.11

第二明七難正壞國土。七難者，一鬼神難、二賊難、三臣君太子百官難、四二十八宿難。大王下，三災，合前為七難。此意由國無三寶，復不講讀大乘，鬼神等無聞正法，故惡心滋多惱亂萬民，萬民復亂及以衰死，故外賊來侵國耳。又百部鬼神樂聞正法，由其國中不講經故，諸鬼神瞋忿，故起七難惱亂國。二十八宿者，角、亢、弖、房、心、尾、箕，是東方宿也。斗、牛、女、虛、危、室、壁，是北方宿也。奎、婁、胃、昂、畢、觜、參，是西方宿也。井、鬼、柳、星、張、翼、軫，是南方宿也。一方有七，四七二十八宿也。失度者，於上度數錯亂，故曰失度也。日月失度者，天有三百六十五度四分度之一，日一日行一度，一歲一周天；月一日行十三度十九分之七，行一月一周天。又天道日月所行乃有無量，大判有三道，謂冬至之日行於南道，夏至日行於北道，春秋二分行於中道。護難法用同上，故云如上說也。

Second, it clarifies the seven disasters directly destroying the state. The seven disasters are: 1. the disaster of ghosts and spirits; 2. the disaster of bandits; 3. the disaster of ministers, sovereign, crown prince, and the hundred officials; 4. the disaster of the twenty-eight lunar lodges. From 'Great King' onward, the three calamities together with the previous ones make seven disasters. The meaning of this is: because the state lacks the Triratna and furthermore does not expound or chant the Mahāyāna, the ghosts and spirits do not hear the saddharma; therefore their evil minds flourish and multiply, tormenting and disrupting the myriad people, and the myriad people again fall into disorder, decline, and die; thus external bandits come to invade the state. Furthermore, the one hundred classes of ghosts and spirits delight in hearing the saddharma; because the sūtra is not expounded in that state, the various ghosts and spirits become furious, and therefore stir up the seven disasters to torment and disrupt the state. As for the twenty-eight lunar lodges: Jiao, Kang, Di, Fang, Xin, Wei, and Ji are the eastern lodges. Dou, Niu, Nü, Xu, Wei, Shi, and Bi are the northern lodges. Kui, Lou, Wei, Mao, Bi, Zui, and Shen are the western lodges. Jing, Gui, Liu, Xing, Zhang, Yi, and Zhen are the southern lodges. There are seven in each direction; four times seven makes twenty-eight lodges. 'Losing their measures' means they fall into confusion with respect to the degrees and measures above; hence it is said, 'lose their measures.' As for 'the sun and the moon lose their measures': the sky has three hundred and sixty-five and one-quarter degrees; the sun travels one degree each day, making one revolution of the sky in one year; the moon travels thirteen and seven-nineteenths degrees each day, making one revolution of the sky in one month. Furthermore, the paths traveled by the sun and moon along the celestial courses are indeed immeasurable, but broadly determined, there are three paths: on the winter solstice, the sun travels along the southern path; on the summer solstice, it travels along the northern path; at the spring and autumn equinoxes, it travels along the middle path. The ritual method for protecting against disasters is the same as above; hence it says, 'as explained above.'