仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經疏 1.72

1.72

Question: What are the distinct substances of these three outflows? Answer: Regarding the substance of the outflow of desire, according to the Buddhabhūmi-śāstra, in the path of seeing of the desire realm there are ten for each of the four noble truths—namely greed, anger, delusion, pride, doubt, and the five views, which makes forty; in the path of cultivation of the desire realm there are six—greed, anger, delusion, pride, and the two views of identity and extremes; combined with the preceding forty of the path of seeing there are forty-six; these root afflictions, combined with the twenty secondary afflictions such as wrath and hatred, total sixty-six. Excluding the five [instances of] ignorance under the five categories, the remaining sixty-one are collectively called the outflow of desire. Desire pertains only to the non-concentrated stage and only to stages with outflows. That is, it pervades the five destinies and includes the stages of the four types of birth, having as its nature the two qualities of the unwholesome and the veiled [indeterminate]; it arises mostly in relation to desire. Being the outflow of desire, its name is established based on the primary factor, called "the outflow of desire." Regarding the substance of the outflow of existence, it is established by combining the form and formless realms. For instance, in the form realm there are eight for each of the four noble truths, and four in the path of cultivation; in the dharmas of this realm there is no anger, and excluding ignorance there are thirty-six root afflictions, which combined with the eight major secondary afflictions total forty-four. The formless realm likewise has forty-four. Discussing the two realms together, there are eighty-eight. Flattery and deceit in the form realm, and arrogance in both realms—these four, added to the previous, make ninety-two, collectively called the outflow of existence. The two realms are concentrated stages and connect to the stage of non-outflow; their destinal rebirth as devas is apparitional birth, having as their nature the single quality of the veiled indeterminate; because of this they are explained together and called the outflow of existence. It is the outflow in relation to existence, or existence itself is the outflow; both explanations justify calling it the outflow of existence. Regarding the outflow of ignorance, the fifteen [types of] ignorance across the five categories of the three realms are called the outflow of ignorance. Because the force of ignorance is augmented, both associated and unshared [ignorance] are outflows. They serve as the support for the previous two outflows, having only their own cognitive mode of delusion and darkness as their nature. Ignorance itself is the outflow; having acquired its name by karmadhāraya compound, it is called the outflow of ignorance.