仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經疏 2.311

2.311

The commentary states: Bodhisattvas of the ten abodes become copper-wheel kings, the ten practices silver-wheel kings, and the stages of the ten dedications become golden-wheel kings. The difference in the domains transformed by the four wheel-turning kings lies in their realm of conversion being one, two, three, or four continents. Thus the *Nyāyānusāra* says: "From when the lifespan of humans in this continent is immeasurable down to eighty thousand years, a wheel-turning king is born. When eighty thousand years decrease, the wealth and joy as well as the lifespan of sentient beings diminish, various evils gradually flourish, and they are not vessels for a great person; hence there is no wheel-turning king. This king guides according to the turning of the wheel and awe-inspires and subdues all, hence he is called a wheel-turning king, corresponding to the distinctions among gold, silver, copper, and iron wheels. If a king is born into the kṣatriya clan and inherits the anointed-head consecration, when he undertakes the purification precepts on the fifteenth day, bathes his head and body and takes the supreme purification precepts, ascends to a high terrace palace, flanked by his ministers and aides, a precious golden wheel suddenly appears in the eastern direction. One should know that it is also thus for the other wheel-turning kings. The lord of the wheel is like a buddha; no two are born at the same time. None of the wheel-turning kings inflict harm; having subdued and triumphed, they settle each in their own dwelling and exhort and guide them to cultivate the path of the ten wholesome actions." As for the "seven treasures," they are the wheel treasure, elephant treasure, horse treasure, jewel treasure, female treasure, treasury-master minister treasure, and army-master minister treasure. The five treasures starting with the horse are categorized as sentient, while the two treasures of jewel and wheel are insentient. The *Saddharmasmṛtyupasthāna Sūtra* also lists seven treasures: the sword treasure, leather treasure, bed treasure, grove treasure, palace treasure, garment treasure, and shoe treasure. All these treasures are attracted and produced through cultivating the wholesome root of non-anger. All their majesty, virtues, and kingly governance are as extensively explained in the *Saddharmasmṛtyupasthāna Sūtra* and the *Lokasthiti Sūtra*. Next, the second part generally clarifies the suppressing kṣānti. It is divided into three: first, generally clarifying the noble womb.