仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經疏 3.71

3.71

Explanation: "Craving, desire, fetters, and drives" explains the cause. Craving is the cause of existence, capable of moistening karmas. Desire refers to covetous desire, running and seeking after sense-objects. As for "fetters and drives," "fetters" (saṃyojana) means binding, and "drives" (anuśaya) means being driven. That is, the ten fetters, such as greed, bind sattvas and drive them through the three realms of existence; hence they are called "fetters and drives." Furthermore, the *Kośa*, fascicle twenty-one, says: "Fetters are of nine kinds: 1. the fetter of craving, 2. the fetter of hostility, 3. the fetter of conceit, 4. the fetter of ignorance, 5. the fetter of views (meaning the three views), 6. the fetter of clinging (meaning the two clingings), 7. the fetter of doubt, 8. the fetter of jealousy, and 9. the fetter of avarice. The three of hostility, jealousy, and avarice are bound to the desire realm alone; the remaining six kinds pervade the three realms. Being driven by the fetters is called 'fetters and drives.'" "Creating their own sores and warts": the suffering fruit of the three realms of existence is like sores and warts. "The three realms have no peace": whether realm or sentient beings, both are the suffering of conditioning; because of being afflicted by the defiled, it is called "having no peace." "What joy is there in a kingdom?": what Samantaprabha prioritized was love of country and love of body; because both internal and external are without peace, its suffering is shown. From here, the third section explains the emptiness of all phenomena. Within this there are two parts: first, a general explanation of the emptiness of phenomena.